Effect of Mental and Physical Training on Blood Pressure

Efficacy of Mental and Physical Training on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate Among Physically Inactive Young Adults With Elevated and High Blood Pressure

Status

Completed

Phases

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT05533268

Enrollment

Registered

2022-09-09

Start date

2022-10-25

Completion date

2023-01-19

Last updated

2023-01-30

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Elevated Blood Pressure

Brief summary

Elevated blood pressure or prehypertension is highly associated with increased risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular event, and type II diabetes. Many physically inactive young adults, particularly in Malaysia have blood pressure higher than normal range, therefore it is important to control the blood pressure within normal range as prophylactic measure. This experimental research will be carried out to study the effect of physical training (aerobic exercise) and mental training (mindfulness meditation) with diet as a control group on the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate among young adult with elevated blood pressure living a sedentary lifestyle. Participant will be divided into 2 experimental groups (mental and physical training) and 1 control group (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension -DASH diet plan) who need to complete the prescribed intervention for 6 weeks. Results will be analysed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by post-hic test.

Interventions

OTHERMental training

Mental training (guided mindfulness meditation by Jon Kabat-Zinn for 20 minutes, 3 times per week.

OTHERPhysical training

Physical training (continuous moderate-intensity training at 40-60% of participants' heart rate reserve for 20 minutes excluding warm-up/cool-down, 3 times per week.

OTHERMental & physical training

Mental and physical training (combination of mindfulness mediation for 20-minutes, 3 times per week and continuous moderate-intensity training for 20 minutes, 3 times per week.

OTHERDASH diet

DASH diet ( (more vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy foods and moderate amounts of whole grains, fish, poultry and nuts; and less than 3 grams of sodium daily) for 6-weeks.

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)

Masking description

Outcome assessor will not know about grouping of the participants.

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

MALE

Age

18 Years to 25 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Male adults aged 18-25 years * Normal BMI (18.5-24.9) * Physically inactive * SBP between 120-139 mmHg and/or DBP between 60-89 mmHg * No hearing abnormalities * Willing to participate

Exclusion criteria

* Participants who have cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological disorders or any other medical condition that would restrict them to participate in the exercise * Those who are taking antihypertensive medications or other medications that will affect their BP and heart rate * Participants who are currently engaging in any form of relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation * Individuals who are actively engaged in physical activities

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Change from Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 weeks.	At baseline over a period of 6 weeks.	Systolic blood pressure (SPB) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention.
Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 weeks.	At baseline over a period of 6 weeks.	Diastolic blood pressure (DPB) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention.
Change from Baseline Mean Arterial Pressure at 6 weeks.	At baseline over a period of 6 weeks.	Mean arterial pressure (MAP) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention.
Change from Baseline Resting Heart Rate at 6 weeks.	At baseline over a period of 6 weeks.	Resting heart rate (RHR) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention.
Change from Baseline Pulse Pressure at 6 weeks.	At baseline over a period of 6 weeks.	Pulse pressure will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Change from Baseline Body Mass Index at 6 weeks.	At baseline over a period of 6 weeks.	Body mass index (BMI) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention.

Countries

Malaysia

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026