Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
The primary purpose of this study is to compare immediate changes in pain sensitivity (pressure pain threshold) during quiet rest, low fatigue exercise, and high fatigue exercise.
Detailed description
Participants will attend three sessions. Participants will fill out questionnaires, undergo pain sensitivity testing, and be randomly assigned to complete a high and low fatigue exercise on either the second or third session. During the exercise, participants will complete three sets of a single leg knee extension exercise with weight equivalent to 50% of their 1 repetition maximum until they report either a high or low fatigue level. Immediately before and after each set, the research team will examine immediate changes in sensitivity to pressure (pressure pain threshold).
Interventions
OTHERQuiet Rest
Participants will sit quietly for two minutes, three times.
Participants will be seated in a Steel Flex machine with weight equal to 50% of their 1 repetition maximum added to the machine. Participants will extend the dominant knee until the assigned fatigue level.
Sponsors
University of Central Florida
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Pain-free * 18-60 years old * Participant can appropriately perform the knee extension exercise (assessed during screening)
Exclusion criteria
* Non-English speaking * Regular use of prescription pain medications * Current or history of chronic pain condition * Currently taking blood-thinning medication * Systemic medical condition known to affect sensation, such as uncontrolled diabetes or neurological conditions * Any contraindication to the application of ice, such as: uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg), cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, circulatory compromise * Known presence of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease * Current use of tobacco products * Not physically ready to exercise without a medical exam as indicated by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Plus (PAR-Q+) * Surgery, injury, or fracture to the lower back or lower extremity within the past 6 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pressure Pain Threshold | Change from baseline immediately after exercise | A digital pressure algometer will be applied to the quadriceps and upper trapezius for two trials each. Participants are instructed to say stop or pain so the stimulus can be terminated when the sensation first transitions from pressure to pain (pain threshold). Participants will rate the pain experienced during the threshold testing using a 101-point numeric pain rate scale (NPRS) anchored with 0= no pain to 100= the most intense pain sensation imaginable immediately following each testing time. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Temporal Summation | Baseline, pre exercise | Participants will rate a train of 10 heat pulses using the 101-point numerical pain rating scale |
| Heat Pain Threshold | Baseline, pre exercise | A thermode will gradually increase temperature. Participants will state when the sensation first becomes painful. |
| Conditioned Pain Modulation | Baseline, pre exercise | Pressure pain threshold after an ice water immersion task will be measured. |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a self-report measure of physical activity that provides data regarding health-related physical activity. |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a 10-item questionnaire in which individuals respond to statements regarding sleep quality. A higher score indicates a worse sleep quality. |
| Fear of Pain Questionnaire 9 | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a 9-item questionnaire in which individuals respond to a statement on a five point scale from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate higher fear of pain. |
| Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a 20-item questionnaire in which individuals respond to a statement on a six point scale from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate higher pain-related anxiety. |
| Brief Resilience Scale | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a 6-item questionnaire in which individuals respond to a statement on a five point scale from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater resilience. |
| Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a 16-item questionnaire in which individuals respond to a statement on a five point scale from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate lower tolerance for the intensity of exercise. |
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale | Baseline, pre exercise | This is a 13-item questionnaire in which individuals respond to a statement on a five point scale from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate higher pain catastrophizing levels. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1-repetition maximum testing | Baseline, pre exercise | The amount of weight that can be lifted for 1 repetition |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed