Appetitive Behavior, Energy Intake, Gastric Emptying, Physical Activity
Conditions
Keywords
protein, physical activity, older adults, appetite, energy intake, satiety
Brief summary
This study aims to assess the effect of protein on appetite, food intake and gastric emptying in older adults (≥ 65 years) that are more and less active.
Detailed description
To investigate the differences in food intake in older adults that are more or less active and assess any differential responses to protein intake. To compare the effect of meals with high or low protein level but equal in energy and volume on appetite and gastric emptying in older adults that are more or less active (≥ 65 years).
Interventions
OTHERHigh Protein Milkshake
A milkshake with high protein level; including whey protein, fat free strawberry yogurt and whole milk - 337 kcal, 27 g carbohydrate, 57 g protein, 16 g fat.
OTHERNormal Milkshake
A milkshake with normal protein level; including nesquik (strawberry), fat free strawberry yogurt, whole milk, double cream, whey protein and sweetener - 331 kcal, 64 g carbohydrate, 17 g protein, 19 g fat.
Sponsors
Ministry of National Education, Turkey
University of Reading
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Single (Participants)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* healthy * aged ≥ 65 years
Exclusion criteria
* having diabetes or disability or any disease that are likely to influence physical activity or appetite. * having an allergy to any of the test foods; * disliking or cannot eat any of the test foods; * being obese (BMI \> 30 kg/m2); * taking medications known to influence appetite, food intake or body weight in the past three months; * being on a weight loss diet; * smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day; * not meeting the cut-off point criteria based on the accelerometer data (108.25 ≤ min/per day of moderate and vigorous activity for women or 162 ≥ min/per day moderate and vigorous activity for women and 100.1 ≤ min/per day of moderate and vigorous activity for men or 133.25 ≥ min/per day moderate and vigorous activity for men).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ad-libitum meal consumption | 2 days in total | Consumption of the ad-libitum meal is measured (g). Participants are instructed to eat until they feel comfortable full and are given 20 min to consume the meal. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ratings of appetite | 2 days in total | Appetite are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100). |
| Gastric Emptying | 2 days in total | Gastric emptying is measured using of 100 microliters of 13C Octanoic Acid breath test |
| Ratings of palatability | 2 days in total | Palatability ratings are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100). |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed