Perioperative Inflammatory Response, Postoperative Pain
Conditions
Brief summary
the aim is to determine the value of adding bilateral supra zygomatic maxillary nerve block to general anesthesia in attenuating the systemic inflammatory response in paediatrics.
Detailed description
Cleft lip and palate are some of the most common craniofacial malformations, with an incidence ranging between 0.1 and 1.1 per 1000 births. Early surgical intervention for cleft palate (CP) repair is essential for proper feeding and phonation as well as reduction of complications such as frequent sinusitis and other respiratory tract infections. Surgical injury stimulates the systemic inflammatory response. The neuroendocrine response leads to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system resulting in tachycardia, hypertension and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. This induces the release of hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), catechol-amines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and cortisol and increase in white cell count which is proposed to have a detrimental effect on the postoperative immunity. Furthermore, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukins (IL) e.g.IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by innate immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, interacting with damaged cells and platelets, leads to the production of acute phase proteins from the liver such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and complement proteins. Regional blocks provide good pre-emptive analgesia when given in combination with general anaesthesia (GA). It is associated with hemodynamic stability, rapid recovery, reduction of supplemental analgesia consumption in addition to favourable effect on systematic inflammatory response. Using bilateral suprazygomatic approach of maxillary nerve block during CP repair is hypothesized to provide such mentioned settlement of a regional block.
Interventions
ultrasound-guided bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block using 0.15 ml/kg.
Sponsors
Alaa Mohamed Abdel Salam Ibrahim Soliman
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Years to 5 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Primary and secondary cleft palate Surgeries. * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I to II patients. * Age group: 1-5 years old.
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of coagulation disorders. * Peripheral neuropathy. * Local infection or lesion in puncture site. * Allergy to local Anesthetics. * Physical status: ASA III or above.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin 6 serum level. | 3-5 hours | Two blood samples will be withdrawn in both groups, the first sample immediately after induction of general anaesthesia, endotracheal tube insertion and the other sample will be withdrawn after completion of surgery and before recovery of the patient |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma glucose level | 3-5 hours | Two blood samples will be withdrawn in the both groups, the first sample immediately after induction of general anaesthesia, endotracheal tube insertion and the other sample will be withdrawn after completion of surgery and before recovery of the patient |
| C-Reactive protein (CRP) | 3-5 hours | Two blood samples will be withdrawn in the both groups, the first sample immediately after induction of general anaesthesia, endotracheal tube insertion and the other sample will be withdrawn after completion of surgery and before recovery of the patient |
| Total leucocytic count | 3-5 hours | Two blood samples will be withdrawn in the both groups, the first sample immediately after induction of general anaesthesia, endotracheal tube insertion and the other sample will be withdrawn after completion of surgery and before recovery of the patient |
| Serum Cortisol level | 3-5 hours | Two blood samples will be withdrawn in the both groups, the first sample immediately after induction of general anaesthesia, endotracheal tube insertion and the other sample will be withdrawn after completion of surgery and before recovery of the patient |
| The number of rescue analgesia doses postoperatively | 12 hours postoperative | IM Diclofenac(0.5 mg/kg) will be given as rescue analgesia for patients if CHIPPS was \> 3/10 |
| time needed till the need of first dose recorded of rescue analgesia | 12 hours post operative | IM Diclofenac(0.5 mg/kg) will be given as rescue analgesia for patients if CHIPPS was \> 3/10 |
| Time needed to start oral feeding will be recorded | 12 hours postoperative | time of starting oral feeding |
| CHIPPS score | 1 hour (h), 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h postoperatively. | Score 0 , Score 1 , Score 2 |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed