Anxiety
Conditions
Keywords
Music, Perioperative anxiety, Spinal anaesthesia, Lower limb arthroplasty
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to compare the effect of listening to music, to a control group (no music), on peri-operative anxiety using the validated VAS-A, in patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty procedures under spinal anaesthesia.
Detailed description
Music is becoming an increasingly popular adjunct to traditional medical therapies. International studies have shown the numerous benefits of music in a medical setting. Music has been used effectively to decrease patients' anxiety under neuraxial anaesthesia for caesarean section. There is currently a lack of evidence supporting the use of music to reduce patients' anxiety under neuraxial anaesthesia for lower limb arthroplasty procedures. The worldwide growth of the ageing population has led to an increased demand for arthroplasty. It is imperative that the anaesthetic technique used for this procedure is both safe and is associated with high levels of patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of music, to a control, on peri-operative anxiety in patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty procedures under spinal anaesthesia.
Interventions
OTHERMusic
Patients will choose a genre of music from the following list; pop, gospel, classical, jazz, and soul, at the preoperative visit. This will be played on disposable ear phones at a self-selected volume for the duration of the surgical procedure.
Sponsors
University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
In this randomised controlled trial, patients will be identified on the arthroplasty lists. Criteria for inclusion will be determined at the pre-operative assessment. After enrolment, participants will be randomised into two groups in a 1:1 ratio, music (intervention group) and no music (control group). Randomisation will be done using a simple randomisation chart.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 105 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* all patients, aged 18 years and older, * American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class I, II or III, * patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty surgery under spinal anaesthesia, * patients with the mental capacity to consent to the study.
Exclusion criteria
* patients with significant visual or hearing loss, * patients with any contra-indications to spinal anaesthesia, * patients with any contra-indications to moderate sedation including moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (indicated by a STOPBANG score of 5-8) (46), * patients with pre-existing diagnosed anxiety disorders or other serious mental disturbances, * revision arthroplasty (this may require deviation from the standardised anaesthetic technique used for this trial), * anxious patients who cannot be reassured and require additional anxiolytic agents.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Describe and compare the change in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, at each time point (T1-T4) between the control group and the music group. | Pre-operatively, prior to surgery, at skin incision and immediately after surgery. | Describe and compare the change in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, at each time point (T1-T4) between the control group and the music group. The minimum score on this scale is zero and the maximum score is ten. Zero indicates that the patients have no anxiety and ten indicates that the patient is extremely anxious. |
| Describe the pre-operative anxiety scores measured by the visual analogue scale for anxiety | Pre-operative visit (T1) | Describe the pre-operative anxiety scores measured by the visual analogue scale for anxiety in both the intervention and the control group. The minimum score on this scale is zero and the maximum score is ten. Zero indicates that the patients have no anxiety and ten indicates that the patient is extremely anxious. |
| Describe and compare the change in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, at the pre-operative visit (T1) and at skin incision (T3) in the control group. | Pre-operatively and skin incision | Describe and compare the change anxiety scores, visual analogue scale for anxiety, at the pre-operative visit (T1) and at skin incision (T3) in the control group. The minimum score on this scale is zero and the maximum score is ten. Zero indicates that the patients have no anxiety and ten indicates that the patient is extremely anxious. |
| Describe and compare the change in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, at the pre-operative visit (T1) and at skin incision (T3) in the music group. | Pre-operatively and skin incision. | Describe and compare the change in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, at the pre-operative visit (T1) and at skin incision (T3) in the music group. The minimum score on this scale is zero and the maximum score is ten. Zero indicates that the patients have no anxiety and ten indicates that the patient is extremely anxious. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Describe the difference in the anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, between male and female patients. | Pre-operatively, prior to surgery, at skin incision and immediately after surgery. | Describe the difference in the anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, between male and female patients. The minimum score on this scale is zero and the maximum score is ten. Zero indicates that the patients have no anxiety and ten indicates that the patient is extremely anxious. |
| Describe the difference in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, between knee and hip arthroplasty. | Pre-operatively, prior to surgery, at skin incision and immediately after surgery. | Describe the difference in anxiety scores, on the visual analogue scale for anxiety, between knee and hip arthroplasty. The minimum score on this scale is zero and the maximum score is ten. Zero indicates that the patients have no anxiety and ten indicates that the patient is extremely anxious. |
| Describe and compare the total propofol dose between the two groups. | Immediately after surgery | Describe and compare the total propofol dose between the two groups. |
| Describe patient satisfaction, assessed by a questionnaire, in the intervention group. | Immediately after surgery | Describe patient satisfaction, assessed by a questionnaire, in the intervention group. The questionnaire consists of five questions which patients will answer as either not at all, maybe, completely. The questions are: 1) Did the patient feel that the music decreased their anxiety? 2) Did the patient feel that the music provided calmness? 3) 3) Did the patient feel that they experienced less pain? 4) Would they request music again if coming for a similar procedure? 5) Would they recommend music to friends and family? |
Countries
South Africa
Outcome results
None listed