Cigarette Smoking
Conditions
Brief summary
This study will investigate the effects of narratives on demand for low and high ventilated cigarettes and substitution for alternative products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace.
Detailed description
An important aim of tobacco control is to reduce demand for the most harmful products. One product feature that could be changed to benefit public health is cigarette filter ventilation. A recent review examined the effects of cigarette filter ventilation and concluded that filter ventilation, by changing how a cigarette burns, yields more mutagens and carcinogens, and results in greater puff volume and possibly depth of inhalation, which has led to increases in peripheral lung adenocarcinomas. This study will use a novel method, the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), to compare the impact of a narrative and a factsheet on the negative consequences of filter ventilation on tobacco product purchases. High-ventilated cigarette smokers will complete multiple scenarios in the ETM.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHigh-ventilated cigarette alone
High-ventilated cigarettes are the only available cigarettes in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace which increases in price across trials. Other nicotine/tobacco products are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace at market price. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
BEHAVIORALLow-ventilated cigarette alone
Low-ventilated cigarettes are the only available cigarettes in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace which increases in price across trials. Other nicotine/tobacco products are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace at market price. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
BEHAVIORALHigh- and low-ventilated cigarette with high-ventilated cigarettes increasing in price
High- and low ventilated cigarettes are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace with high-ventilated cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other nicotine/tobacco products are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace at market price. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
BEHAVIORALLow- and high-ventilated cigarette with high-ventilated cigarettes increasing in price
Low- and high-ventilated cigarettes are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace with low-ventilated cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other nicotine/tobacco products are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace at market price. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
BEHAVIORALUsual, high- and low-ventilated cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price.
Usual cigarette, low- and high-ventilated cigarettes are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other nicotine/tobacco products are available in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace at market price. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Sponsors
University of Minnesota
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Participants will be provided with study cigarettes (commercially available) however the brand will not be provided to them.
Intervention model description
Participants will complete five ETM conditions, which include six trials assessing different cigarette prices: a) high-ventilated cigarette alone, b) low-ventilated cigarette alone, c) high- and low-ventilated cigarette with high-ventilated cigarettes increasing in price, d) high- and low-ventilated cigarette with low-ventilated cigarettes increasing in price, and e) usual, high- and low-ventilated cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Provide informed consent * Be at least 21 years of age or older * Provide a breath sample for measuring carbon monoxide (CO ≥ 8 ppm) * Stable tobacco use patterns for at least three months * Be willing to sample the study cigarettes (high- and low-ventilated cigarettes) * Report smoking a high-ventilated cigarette (\>= 20% ventilation) * Report smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day
Exclusion criteria
* Have plans to move out of the area * Have a serious or unstable physical or mental health condition * Taking a tobacco cessation medication or medication that interferes with nicotine metabolism, motivation or reinforcement * Report concrete, immediate plans to alter/quit using their usual nicotine products at the beginning of the study Note: Participants may be withdrawn from the study after providing consent if they submit an invalid breath sample (CO ≥ 8 ppm).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | 1 day | Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price constant product. Y-intercept of price-constant products is reported. |
| Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | 1 day | Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). Demand was estimated using the exponential equation: Q = Q0 \* 10\^k(exp(-αQ0C) - 1), where Q is nicotine purchased (mg), C is price, Q0 is demand intensity (purchases at no cost), k is the function's logarithmic span, and α is demand elasticity. Intensity q0 is reported, which represents the estimated mg of nicotine purchased when cigarettes are free (price = 0). |
| Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | 1 day | Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price-constant product. Slope of price-constant products is reported, which represents the change in mg of nicotine purchased of price-constant products divided by the change in cigarette price. |
| Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | 1 day | Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). Demand was estimated using the exponential equation: Q = Q0 \* 10\^k(exp(-αQ0C) - 1), where Q is nicotine purchased (mg), C is price, Q0 is demand intensity (purchases at no cost), k is the function's logarithmic span, and α is demand elasticity. Elasticity alpha is reported, which represents the sensitivity of purchasing to changes in cigarette price. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Narratives High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking HVC and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions. | 27 |
| Fact Sheet High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions. | 28 |
| Control High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions. | 27 |
| Total | 82 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Narratives | Fact Sheet | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 46.37 Years of age STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.76 | 40.32 Years of age STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.06 | 43.81 Years of age STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.71 | 43.46 Years of age STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.81 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 27 Participants | 28 Participants | 27 Participants | 82 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence | 5.52 Scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.19 | 6.25 Scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.03 | 5.26 Scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.58 | 5.68 Scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.97 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 6 Participants | 2 Participants | 7 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 20 Participants | 22 Participants | 19 Participants | 61 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 16 Participants | 15 Participants | 19 Participants | 50 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 11 Participants | 13 Participants | 8 Participants | 32 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 27 | 0 / 28 | 0 / 27 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 27 | 1 / 28 | 0 / 27 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 27 | 0 / 28 | 0 / 27 |
Outcome results
Primary
Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha
Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). Demand was estimated using the exponential equation: Q = Q0 \* 10\^k(exp(-αQ0C) - 1), where Q is nicotine purchased (mg), C is price, Q0 is demand intensity (purchases at no cost), k is the function's logarithmic span, and α is demand elasticity. Elasticity alpha is reported, which represents the sensitivity of purchasing to changes in cigarette price.
Time frame: 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC only | 0.005474398 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.002837352 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price | 0.0001730126 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.00008899978 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: usual | 0.0001184530 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.00002668313 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price | -0.004862780 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.00730483 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC only | 0.0017715209 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0015139344 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price | 0.0010937345 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0007710276 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: usual | 0.0001866522 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.00005510821 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price | 0.003933976 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.00373252 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC only | 0.002718229 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.00248995 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC only | 0.0003113996 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0001296562 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC only | 0.0058833919 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0053767638 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC only | 0.006274115 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.005146063 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: usual | 0.0006728454 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0004281379 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price | 0.0004953039 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0003009148 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha | Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price | 0.002001107 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes | Standard Error 0.0019229 |
Primary
Cigarette Demand Intensity q0
Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). Demand was estimated using the exponential equation: Q = Q0 \* 10\^k(exp(-αQ0C) - 1), where Q is nicotine purchased (mg), C is price, Q0 is demand intensity (purchases at no cost), k is the function's logarithmic span, and α is demand elasticity. Intensity q0 is reported, which represents the estimated mg of nicotine purchased when cigarettes are free (price = 0).
Time frame: 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC only | 1293.099 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 247.6387 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price | 1296.955 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 371.953 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: usual | 2509.951 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 636.7094 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price | 1226.371 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 313.1189 |
| Narratives | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC only | 2289.174 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 613.9061 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price | 1106.049 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 292.4133 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: usual | 2446.043 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 629.3318 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price | 1389.097 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 376.9664 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC only | 2207.993 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 483.5283 |
| Fact Sheet | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC only | 1379.648 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 215.8875 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC only | 2085.754 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 565.8513 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC only | 1395.041 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 321.987 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: usual | 2002.901 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 431.5768 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price | 1393.520 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 416.9316 |
| Control | Cigarette Demand Intensity q0 | Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price | 1201.065 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 333.2428 |
Primary
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price constant product. Y-intercept of price-constant products is reported.
Time frame: 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 49.9 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 48.6 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC intercept | 6.24 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.9 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated intercept | 102.3 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 45.4 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 56.1 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 45.4 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 16.4 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.6 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC intercept | -55.80 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.9 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated intercept | 129.8 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 48.6 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 56.0 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 43.5 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette intercept | 59.43 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.9 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 40.3 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 44.8 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 94.2 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 36.9 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 12.1 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 42.8 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated intercept | 182.0 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 47.9 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 56.9 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 47.9 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated intercept | 184.8 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 44.8 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette intercept | 40.35 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.4 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC intercept | -24.32 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.4 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC intercept | 23.99 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.4 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated intercept | 236.2 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 48.6 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 47.8 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.5 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette intercept | 2.80 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.9 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 67.4 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 43.5 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC intercept | -5.20 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.9 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 40.7 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 45.4 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept | 30.2 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 48.6 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC intercept | 35.66 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 37.9 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated intercept | 206.9 Mg of Nicotine purchased | Standard Error 45.4 |
Primary
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price-constant product. Slope of price-constant products is reported, which represents the change in mg of nicotine purchased of price-constant products divided by the change in cigarette price.
Time frame: 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope | 1.88 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.89 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC slope | 20.456 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.17 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated slope | 24.678 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.65 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope | 0.989 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.65 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated slope | 13.24 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.35 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC slope | 28.306 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.17 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated slope | 26.48 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.89 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette tobacco estimated slope | 1.65 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.47 |
| Narratives | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette slope | -4.370 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.17 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope | 1.593 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.54 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated slope | -10.33 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.24 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette tobacco estimated slope | 11.50 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.34 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated slope | 20.94 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.79 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope | -3.67 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.79 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated slope | 25.283 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.54 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette slope | -0.643 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.09 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC slope | 32.033 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.09 |
| Fact Sheet | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC slope | 24.182 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.09 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated slope | 27.70 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.89 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated slope | 1.96 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.35 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette slope | 7.577 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.17 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette tobacco estimated slope | -4.26 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.47 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC slope | 32.403 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.17 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope | 0.110 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.65 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope | 3.09 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.89 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC slope | 40.253 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 8.17 |
| Control | Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope | HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated slope | 23.800 Mg of nicotine/price US$ | Standard Error 9.65 |