Analgesia
Conditions
Keywords
analgesia nociception, opioid-sparing anaesthesia, conventional opioid-based anaesthesia, Pain Monitoring Device (PMD-200), intraoperative nociceptive levels, Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
Brief summary
The aim of this double blind, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial is to compare the antinociceptive efficiency of an opioid-sparing and a conventional opioid-based anaesthesia protocol with the help of the CEcertificated Pain Monitoring Device (PMD-200).
Detailed description
Opioids have been an integral part of general anaesthesia. They are effective in preventing perception of noxious stimuli and ensure intraoperative haemodynamic stability. However, opioids are associated with a number of unwanted side effects (e.g. nausea and vomiting, sedation, ileus, respiratory depression, increased postoperative pain and morphine consumption and hyperalgesia). To minimise these side effects, there has been an interest in developing opioid-sparing anaesthesia protocols. Recently, analgesia nociception monitoring devices have become available. The aim of this double blind, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial is to compare the antinociceptive efficiency of an opioid-sparing and a conventional opioid-based anaesthesia protocol with the help of the CEcertificated Pain Monitoring Device (PMD-200). Patients scheduled to receive general surgical, gynaecological or urological laparoscopic surgery will be randomised into one of the two study groups. Study group A will be anaesthetised with an opioid-sparing protocol and study group B will be anaesthetised with a conventional opioid-based protocol. Intraoperative nociception will be evaluated with PMD-200. Postoperative visits will take place in recovery, 4-5h after surgery and then twice a day. In recovery, the amount of opioids and ketamine needed, pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the time until the patient is fit for discharge according to the Aldrete score will be assessed. At the 4-5h postoperative visit, the amount of opioids and ketamine needed, maximum pain at rest and at mobilisation, incidence of PONV, mobilisation, micturition and sedation level will be assessed. At the twice daily follow up visits, amount of opioids and other analgesic drugs needed, pain at rest and at mobilisation, gastrointestinal function, quality of night's sleep, incidence of PONV, level of sedation and fitness for discharge home will be assessed. On day one after surgery, the perceived quality of recovery will be assessed with the QoR40 questionnaire.
Interventions
DRUGconventional opioid-based group
In addition to propofol as a hypnotic and rocuronium as a muscle relaxant, patients in the conventional opioid-based group will receive the following drugs: Remifentanil and Fentanyl
DRUGopioid-sparing group
In addition to propofol as a hypnotic and rocuronium as a muscle relaxant, patients in the opioid-sparing group will receive Ketamine, Fentanyl, Lidocaine, Magnesium, Clonidine, Remifentanil
Sponsors
University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
The patient and the investigator carrying out the nociception level measurement and the postoperative assessments will be blinded to the type of anaesthesia protocol that the patient is allocated to.
Intervention model description
Double blind, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Informed Consent as documented by signature * Age older than 18 years * Ability to give informed consent * Undergoing scheduled general surgical, gynaecological or urological laparoscopic surgery * American Society of Anesthesiology Score (ASA) status I, II, III
Exclusion criteria
* Inability to give informed consent * ASA status IV and V * Pregnant or breastfeeding women * Allergy to one of the study drugs * Urgent surgery * Surgery with planned regional anaesthesia * Outpatient surgery * Atrioventricular block, intraventricular or sinoatrial block * Atrial fibrillation * Sinus bradycardia * Cardiac insufficiency with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of below 40% * Coronary artery disease * Epilepsy * Liver cirrhosis * Chronic kidney disease (Clearance \< 50ml/h) * Chronic opioid therapy * Chronic pain
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean of the nociception level as measured by the PMD-200 | From the timepoint of skin incision until skin closure (within 1 day) | The PMD-200 device consists of a finger probe which continuously assesses pulse rate, pulse rate variability, pulse wave amplitude, skin conductance level, skin conductance fluctuations, skin temperature, and finger motion. A value of 0 corresponds to no pain and a value of 100 to maximal pain. A value will be measured every minute from the timepoint of skin incision until skin closure. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Amount of morphine needed | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Amount of morphine needed |
| Amount of ketamine needed | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Amount of ketamine needed |
| Change in pain score at rest by numeric rating scale | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Change in pain score at rest by numeric rating scale (to assess pain severity using a 0-10 scale, with zero meaning no pain and 10 meaning the worst pain imaginable) |
| Change in pain score at movement by numeric rating scale | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Change in pain score at movement by numeric rating scale (to assess pain severity using a 0-10 scale, with zero meaning no pain and 10 meaning the worst pain imaginable) |
| Quality of night's sleep | From the first postoperative day until discharge from ward (average of 1 week) | Quality of night's sleep assessed with a verbal numerical scale from 0 (very poor quality of sleep) to 10 (excellent quality of sleep) |
| Change in Aldrete score | Every 15 minutes in recovery until patient discharge to the ward (within 1 day) | Fitness for discharge to ward is checked every 15 minutes with the Aldrete score. The Aldrete score assigned a number of 0, 1, or 2 to 5 variables: activity, respiration, circulation, consciousness, and color. A score of 9 out of 10 is considered adequate for discharge from the recovery. |
| Change in level of sedation | At 4 hours and then twice daily until discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Change in level of sedation |
| Perceived quality of recovery by QoR40 questionnaire | At the first postoperative day | 40-item questionnaire that provides a global score and subscores across five dimensions: patient support, comfort, emotions, physical independence, and pain |
| Time to return of gastrointestinal function | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Time to return of gastrointestinal function as defined as the time from the end of surgery to the first passage of flatus and to the first bowel movement |
| Time to return of spontaneous micturition | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Time to return of spontaneous micturition |
| Occurrence of nausea and vomiting | From the stay in recovery before discharge from the ward (average of 1 week) | Occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) |
Countries
Switzerland
Outcome results
None listed