Depression, Anxiety, Perfectionism, Self-Compassion, Shame, Stress
Conditions
Brief summary
This study seeks to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a mobile phone application-based intervention in improving wellbeing in young adults. 400 University students are randomized into 1 of 4 intervention types. Pre, mid and post-intervention outcome measures are compared to determine effectiveness of the various intervention types.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCognitive Behavioural Therapy
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
BEHAVIORALSelf-Compassion
Self-Compassion focused exercises
BEHAVIORALActive Control
Engagement in a mobile application (Cooperation skills)
Sponsors
National University of Singapore
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Access to a mobile phone with the following requirements: iPhone 8 and above, or Android 5.2+ (display greater than 5 inches) * Have scores of greater than or equal to 29 on the 'Concerns over Mistakes' subscale on the FMPS
Exclusion criteria
* Participants who do not meet the inclusion criteria * Currently pregnant * Undergoing psychological treatment or counselling * Have any change in psychotropic medication within twelve weeks before starting intervention
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in maladaptive perfectionism | Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment | Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). A 35-item self-report questionnaire which assesses four sub-scales of perfectionism - Concern over mistakes, Excessive concern with parental expectations, Personal Standards and Concern with precision, order and organisation. It is scored on a five-point scale, from Strongly disagree (1) to Strongly agree (5). Higher scores reflect higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism. |
| Change in shame | Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment | Internalized Shame Scale (ISS). A 30-item self-report questionnaire which assesses internalized shame, and a subscale of self-esteem. It is scored on a five-point scale from Never (1) to Almost always (5). Higher scores reflect greater symptom severity. |
| Change in Self-Compassion | Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment | Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF). A 12-item self-report questionnaire which assesses degree of self-compassion. It is the briefer version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003). It is scored on a five-point scale from Almost never (1) to Almost all of the time (5). A total score is derived from taking the mean of the 12 items. Higher scores reflect greater self- compassion. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Depression | Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment | Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21). A 21-item self-report questionnaire, which comprises of 3 subscales which assess levels of depression, anxiety and stress. It is scored on a four-point scale, from Did not apply to me at all (0) to Applied to me very much or most of the time (3). Higher scores reflect greater symptom severity. |
| Change in Anxiety | Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment | Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21). A 21-item self-report questionnaire, which comprises of 3 subscales which assess levels of depression, anxiety and stress. It is scored on a four-point scale, from Did not apply to me at all (0) to Applied to me very much or most of the time (3). Higher scores reflect greater symptom severity. |
| Change in Stress | Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment | Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21). A 21-item self-report questionnaire, which comprises of 3 subscales which assess levels of depression, anxiety and stress. It is scored on a four-point scale, from Did not apply to me at all (0) to Applied to me very much or most of the time (3). Higher scores reflect greater symptom severity. |
Contacts
Primary ContactMarie Tan
Backup ContactMark Ngoh
Outcome results
None listed