Obesity
Conditions
Brief summary
In this preliminary short-term study it is investigated, whether a short olfactory stimulation with distinct odours impacts energy expenditure in patients with obesity and lean patients.
Interventions
Participants are exposed to different odours and energy expenditure is assessed via indirect calorimetry.
Sponsors
University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* • Age 18-55 years * Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and Lean (BMI 18-25 kg/m2) * Written informed consent * Normosmia (defined by sniffing Sticks test)
Exclusion criteria
* • Chronic or acute sinusitis * Surgical intervention of the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinus * Known allergy to odors used in the study * Smokers * Current illicit drug abuse including daily marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) consumption (alcohol ≤2 drinks per day allowed) * Any kind of severe chronic disease (e.g. severe heart failure, active cancer disease) * Diabetes mellitus * Treatment with insulin sensitizing drugs including Glucagon-like Peptide (GLP)-1 analogues within the last 3 months * History of neurodegenerative diseases, severe head trauma * Severe renal impairment (e.g. estimated glomerular filtration rate \<30 ml/min/m2) * Known liver cirrhosis or other severe liver impairment * Use of any kind of decongestant more than twice a week * Use of cortisone-containing nasal spray within the last 3 months * Acute upper respiratory tract infection * Uncontrolled dysthyroidism * Uncontrolled hypertension * Regular use of psychopharmaceutic drugs * Study participants aims to start a new diet or exercise program during the study * Bariatric surgery * Pregnancy/Lactation * Onset of climacteric symptoms within one year (e.g. hot flashes and/or diaphoresis) OR initiation of hormonal replacement therapy in the last three months * Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. * Participation in an interventional study within the last 3 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Energy Expenditure | 6 hours | change in energy expenditure as assessed via calorimetry after olfactory stimulation with different odours. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Expenditure, Additional Odours | 6 hours | Change in energy expenditure as assessed via calorimetry after olfactory stimulation with Different odours |
| Heart Rate | 6 hours | change in heart rate variability upon olfactory stimulation with different odors as assessed via continuous ECG |
| Blood Pressure | 6 hours | Change in blood pressure upon olfactory stimulation with different odors as assessed via a blood pressure cuff at the upper arm according to Riva Rocci |
| Metabolic Parameters | 6 hours | Change in metabolic blood parameters upon acute olfactory stimulation with different odours |
| Glucose Levels | 6 hours | change in interstitial fluid glucose levels upon olfactory stimulation with different odours |
Countries
Switzerland
Outcome results
None listed