Pharmacist-Patient Relations, Smoking Cessation
Conditions
Brief summary
The study was a non-randomized controlled trial of 12-months' follow-up with 182 Spanish community pharmacists. Intervention community pharmacists received the CESAR training to improve their smoking cessation services, consisting of an initial interview and follow-up visits to identify obstacles and reinforce behaviours. The control group received the usual care. Data were self-reported and collected in a computerized health registration system. Outcomes were smoking cessation and quality of life (EuroQOL-5D) collected at baseline, 6 months', and 12 months' follow-up. Cost data were collected for the study period and included direct health costs, sick leave, and intervention costs. Smoking cessation was analysed through logistic regression models. Generalized linear models were carried out for quality-adjusted life year costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and cost-utility ratios (RCUI) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCESAR training
Intervention community pharmacists received the CESAR training to improve their smoking cessation services, consisting of an initial interview and follow-up visits to identify obstacles and reinforce behaviours.
Sponsors
Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Clinica, Familiar y Comunitaria
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* smoker over 18 years old * consent to participate * presence at the community pharmacy for one of three reasons (a) a medical prescription for a treatment to stop smoking, (b) a consultation about how to stop smoking, (c) asking if he/she smokes when he/she consults for associated symptoms or harm.
Exclusion criteria
* cognitive impairment * drug uses * pregnancy or lactation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking cessation | Before/after the intervention (1 year) | Dichotomicus variable (yes/no) |
| Quality of Life (EuroQOL-5D) | 1 year | Measured with EuroQOL-5D |
| Cost-effectiveness | 1 year | In cost-effectiveness, the deterministic Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is the coefficient resulting from dividing the difference between groups in costs by the difference in probability between groups that an additional patient will cease their smoking history. |
| Cost-utility | 1 year | For the cost-utility, the Deterministic Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio (ICUR) is the coefficient resulting from dividing the difference between groups in costs by the difference between groups in quality-adjusted life years. |
Outcome results
None listed