Dehydration, Hot Weather; Adverse Effect, Hyperthermia, Kidney Dysfunction, Kidney Injury
Conditions
Brief summary
An epidemic of chronic kidney disease is occurring in laborers who undertake physical work outdoors in hot conditions. The reason for this is largely unknown, but may be related to kidney dysfunction caused by increases in body temperature and dehydration that elicit oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal tubules. The purpose of this study is to determine whether hydration status modifies the development of renal oxidative stress and inflammation.
Interventions
PROCEDUREFluid replacement
Participants will drink Gatorade Zero ad libitum, up to 1 cup every 15 minutes.
PROCEDURENo fluid replacement
Participants will not be permitted to drink.
Sponsors
State University of New York at Buffalo
Indiana University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 44 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Men and women * 18-44 y old * Body mass index ≤35.0 kg/m2 * Self-reported to be healthy
Exclusion criteria
* Not within defined age range * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 mL/min/1.73m2 * Body mass index \>35.0 kg/m2 * Current or history of any renal disease, heart disease, stroke, immune or autoimmune disease, and/or gastrointestinal disease/surgery * Hypertension during screening (systolic blood pressure \>139 or diastolic blood pressure \>89) * Using medications that blunt the physiological response to exercise (e.g., beta blockers) * Prescription medication with a known side effect of impaired temperature regulation or fluid balance (e.g., diuretics) * Positive pregnancy test at any time during the study or breast feeding * Current tobacco or electronic cigarette use or consistent use within the last 2 years * Answered Yes to any question on Page 1 of the PAR-Q+.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Peak urinary thioredoxin | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Marker of renal oxidative stress |
| Peak urinary MCP-1 | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Marker of renal inflammation |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Peak urinary [IGFBP7 x TIMP-2] | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Kidney injury marker |
| Renal artery blood velocity | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Measure of kidney blood flow |
| Segmental artery blood velocity | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Measure of kidney blood flow |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage change in body weight | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Hydration status variable |
| Blood and plasma volume | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Hydration status variable |
| Plasma osmolality | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Hydration status variable |
| Core body temperature | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Heat strain variable |
| Urine specific gravity | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Hydration status variable |
| Creatinine clearance | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | kidney function variable |
| Urine osmolality | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Hydration status variable |
| Mean skin temperature | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Heat strain variable |
| Oxygen uptake | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Heat strain variable |
| Heart rate | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Heat strain variable |
| Blood pressure | Through study completion, up to twelve weeks | Heat strain variable |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed