Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Conditions
Brief summary
This study compares the medicines semaglutide and empagliflozin in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study will look mainly at how well the blood sugar and body weight are controlled when participants are taking the study medicine. Participants will either get semaglutide tablets or empagliflozin tablets. Which treatment participants get is decided by chance. Participants will get one tablet per day for 2 years. The study will last for about 2 years and 8 weeks.
Interventions
DRUGSemaglutide
Participants will receive 1 tablet of oral semaglutide once daily.
DRUGEmpagliflozin
Participants will receive 1 tablet of empagliflozin once daily.
Sponsors
Novo Nordisk A/S
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Male or female, age 18- less than (\<) 50 years at the time of signing informed consent. * Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus less than or equal to (\<=) 365 days from the day of screening. * Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.0-9.5 percentage (%) (53-80 millimoles per milliliter \[mmol/mol\]) (both inclusive). * Body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to (\>=) 30.0 kilograms per meter square (kg/m\^2). * Treatment naïve to any antidiabetic drug(s). However, for a subset of participants (≤25%) any metformin dose or formulations administered is allowed.
Exclusion criteria
* Treatment with any medication for the indication of diabetes or obesity other than stated in the inclusion criteria since diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prior insulin treatment for gestational diabetes is allowed. * Renal impairment measured as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value of less than (\<) 60 milliliter per minute per 1.73 meter square (1.7mL/min/1.73 m\^2) at screening. * Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus examination performed within the past 90 days prior to day of screening or in the period between screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination. * C-peptide less than (\<)1.5 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) at screening. * Positive insulinoma associated-protein 2 (IA-2) antibodies or anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies. * History of major surgical procedures involving the stomach or small intestine potentially affecting absorption of drugs and/or nutrients. * Presence of clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders potentially affecting absorption of drugs and/or nutrients, as judged by the investigator.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Participants acheiving glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) less than (<) 7 percentage (%) (Yes/No) | At week 104 | Measured as count of participants. |
| Participants acheiving body weight reduction greater than or equal to (>=) 5% (Yes/No) | At week 104 | Measured as count of participants. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/l). |
| Change in self-measured plasma glucose (SPMG) 7-point mean profile | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in millimoles per liter(mmol/l). |
| Change in self-measured plasma glucose (SPMG) mean post prandial increments | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in millimoles per liter(mmol/l). |
| Time to additional anti-diabetic medication | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in days. |
| Change in body weight | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in kilograms (kg). |
| Relative change in body weight | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as percentage (%). |
| Change in waist circumference | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in centimeters (cm). |
| Participants achieving glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) less than or equal to (<=) 6.5% (Yes/No) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as count of participants. |
| Participants achieving glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction greater than or equal to (>=) 0.7%-point (Yes/No) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as count of participants. |
| Change in low density lipoprotein (LDL) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as ratio to baseline. |
| Change in systolic blood pressure | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured in millimiters of mercury (mmHg). |
| Change in total cholesterol | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as ratio to baseline. |
| Change in high density lipoprotein (HDL) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as ratio to baseline. |
| Change in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as ratio to baseline. |
| Change in Triglycerides | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as ratio to baseline. |
| Change in free fatty acids | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as ratio to baseline. |
| Number of treatment emergent adverse events | From randomisation (week 0) to week 109 | Measured as count of events. |
| Change in Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) score - Craving Control domain | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as score on a scale. Scales range from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum). |
| Change in Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) score - Craving for Savory domaina | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as score on a scale. Scales range from 0 (minimum) to 10(maximum). |
| Participants achieving body weight reduction greater than or equal to (>=) 5 percentage (%) | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as count of participants. |
| Change in HbA1c | From randomisation (week 0) to week 104 | Measured as percentage (%)-point. |
Outcome results
None listed