Alcohol Use Disorder, Behavior, Addictive, Family Members
Conditions
Keywords
mobile phone applications, quality of life, Alcohol Use Disorder, family therapy, high-risk drinking, alcohol behavioral couple therapy, COVID-19, mHealth, eHealth, ACHESS, PartnerCHESS
Brief summary
This R01 project titled "Family-focused vs. Drinker-focused Smartphone Interventions to Reduce Drinking-related Consequences of COVID-19" is a Hybrid II RCT/implementation study to modify and test two of our alcohol smartphone interventions to address the fallout from COVID. We propose a three-arm RCT comparing a smartphone control group vs. a drinker-focused intervention vs. a family-focused intervention. All study arms recruit dyads comprising a person who drinks and a family partner.
Detailed description
The current randomized controlled trial tested whether PartnerCHESS (an ACHESS intervention along with aspects of Alcohol Behavioral Couple Therapy designed specifically for individuals with alcohol use disorder and their concerned significant other) could reduce high-risk drinking and improve quality of life. For this trial, 199 dyads (398 participants) were recruited from the community and randomized 1:1:1 to the PartnerCHESS intervention, ACHESS intervention, or smartphone control for 8 months with a follow-up at 12 months. Participants were part of a dyad: identified patients met criteria for high-risk drinking (defined by the DSM-5) and had at least one drink in the past month, concerned significant others were the identified patient's romantic partner, family member, or close friend aged 21 or older. Primary outcomes were identified patient percent high-risk drinking days, and quality of life for both identified patients and concerned significant others. Participants were surveyed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months; PartnerCHESS and ACHESS usage data were continuously collected.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALPartnerCHESS
The following ABCT services, from PartnerCHESS, will be available in the PartnerCHESS app but not in ACHESS: ABCT tutorials. Interactive e-learning modules explaining key ABCT skills. Agreements between identified patient and concerned significant other to follow key principles. Trigger identification and removal. Cravings discussion. Relapse plan. Reminders.
BEHAVIORALACHESS
ACHESS offers the following, which are also available in PartnerCHESS: Covid content, Instant Library, Discussion Groups, Personal Stories, Location Monitor, Surveys and Ecological Momentary Assessments, Guided Relaxation, Healthy Activities, Crisis Button, Skills Reminders
Sponsors
University of Wisconsin, Madison
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Identified patients and their concerned significant others must give informed consent; agree to complete interviews at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months; and not have a mental or physical condition that limits smartphone use. Identified patients must be age 18 or older and meet criteria for risky drinking (for men, \>4 standard drinks in a day; for women, \>3 in a day), or meet criteria for AUD (any severity) defined by DSM-5 and have had at least 1 drink in the past 3 months . Partner must be a committed romantic partner/spouse, close friend or family member (e.g. sibling, parent, grandparent, adult child age 21 or older).
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals were not eligible if they had current (last 6 months) evidence of serious mental illness (eg, active psychosis, active manic phase), or if either partner reported serious interpersonal violence, to avoid risk of violence from engagement on potentially sensitive subjects.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 8 and 12 months | Risky drinking day will be defined as greater than 4 drinks for men and greater than 3 drinks for women and will be measured through the Timeline Followback every 120 days. 8 months was the end of the intervention, 12 months was the final follow-up (4 months after the intervention ended). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological Distress | Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months | The OQ45 measures the patient's and partner's outcomes during treatment by assessing three sub-domains, Symptom Distress, Interpersonal Relations, and Social Role. Scores from the Outcomes Questionnaire-45 range from 0-180, the higher the score, the higher the symptoms of distress. Cut-off score: 63 or more - indicates symptoms of clinical significance A high score suggests that the client is admitting to a large number of symptoms of distress (mainly anxiety, depression, somatic problems and stress) as well as difficulties in interpersonal relationships, social role (such as work or school), and in their general quality of life. Reliable change: indicated when a client's score changes by 14 points or more. |
| % Days Abstinent | Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months | % days abstinent will be measured through the Timeline Followback every 120 days. |
| Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months | Determined by use of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale - 7 (DAS-7) which is a brief version of the 32 question Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and assesses the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Possible range is 0-36. Higher scores indicate more positive relationship quality. Scores less than 21 are considered to indicate a relationship in distress. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORDavid Gustafson, PhD
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment was conducted from April 2022 to May 2023. The intervention period ended in June 2024.
Pre-assignment details
No significant events occurred after enrollment and prior to assignment.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) Both the identified patient (IP) and concerned significant other (CSO) will receive a smartphone with pre-programmed contact information for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Al-Anon, Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA), and crisis hot lines. | 67 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) In ACHESS, both the identified patient (IP) and the concerned significant other (CSO) will receive a smartphone, but only the IP will receive the ACHESS app. The CSO will receive a smartphone with contact information for standard AUD, SUD, and crisis support.
ACHESS: ACHESS offers the following, which are also available in PartnerCHESS: Covid content, Instant Library, Discussion Groups, Personal Stories, Location Monitor, Surveys and Ecological Momentary Assessments, Guided Relaxation, Healthy Activities, Crisis Button, Skills Reminders | 66 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) In the PartnerCHESS arm, identified patient (IP) and concerned significant other (CSO) will both receive a smartphone with the PartnerCHESS app, which contains ACHESS services plus ABCT/ PartnerCHESS services.
PartnerCHESS: The following ABCT services, from PartnerCHESS, will be available in the PartnerCHESS app but not in ACHESS:
ABCT tutorials. Interactive e-learning modules explaining key ABCT skills. Agreements between IP and CSO to follow key principles. Trigger identification and removal. Cravings discussion. Relapse plan. Reminders. | 66 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) Both the identified patient (IP) and concerned significant other (CSO) will receive a smartphone with pre-programmed contact information for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Al-Anon, Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA), and crisis hot lines. | 67 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) In ACHESS, both the identified patient (IP) and the concerned significant other (CSO) will receive a smartphone, but only the IP will receive the ACHESS app. The CSO will receive a smartphone with contact information for standard AUD, SUD, and crisis support.
ACHESS: ACHESS offers the following, which are also available in PartnerCHESS: Covid content, Instant Library, Discussion Groups, Personal Stories, Location Monitor, Surveys and Ecological Momentary Assessments, Guided Relaxation, Healthy Activities, Crisis Button, Skills Reminders | 66 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) In the PartnerCHESS arm, identified patient (IP) and concerned significant other (CSO) will both receive a smartphone with the PartnerCHESS app, which contains ACHESS services plus ABCT/ PartnerCHESS services.
PartnerCHESS: The following ABCT services, from PartnerCHESS, will be available in the PartnerCHESS app but not in ACHESS:
ABCT tutorials. Interactive e-learning modules explaining key ABCT skills. Agreements between IP and CSO to follow key principles. Trigger identification and removal. Cravings discussion. Relapse plan. Reminders. | 66 |
| Total | 398 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Total | Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 46.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.4 | 46.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.3 | 47.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14 | 48.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.2 | 48.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16 | 46.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.3 | 49.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.2 |
| Dyad relationship type Friend | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 34 Participants | 8 Participants | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Dyad relationship type Parent/adult child/other family member | 23 Participants | 23 Participants | 112 Participants | 15 Participants | 18 Participants | 18 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Dyad relationship type Romantic partner/spouse | 39 Participants | 38 Participants | 252 Participants | 44 Participants | 43 Participants | 43 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Employment status Employed full time | 28 Participants | 32 Participants | 190 Participants | 25 Participants | 31 Participants | 37 Participants | 37 Participants |
| Employment status Employed part time/seasonal/other | 9 Participants | 13 Participants | 66 Participants | 15 Participants | 9 Participants | 5 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Employment status Looking for work | 10 Participants | 7 Participants | 47 Participants | 11 Participants | 7 Participants | 10 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Employment status On disability | 4 Participants | 4 Participants | 37 Participants | 9 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Employment status Other | 15 Participants | 11 Participants | 66 Participants | 10 Participants | 14 Participants | 8 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Employment status Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants | 6 Participants | 28 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 6 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 59 Participants | 60 Participants | 369 Participants | 63 Participants | 62 Participants | 60 Participants | 65 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Living arrangement By myself | 10 Participants | 10 Participants | 62 Participants | 14 Participants | 6 Participants | 14 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Living arrangement Other | 32 Participants | 31 Participants | 170 Participants | 27 Participants | 28 Participants | 27 Participants | 25 Participants |
| Living arrangement Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Living arrangement With a romantic partner | 36 Participants | 38 Participants | 252 Participants | 42 Participants | 48 Participants | 38 Participants | 50 Participants |
| Other healthcare utilization 12-step/self-help group | 15 Participants | 7 Participants | 72 Participants | 12 Participants | 13 Participants | 20 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Other healthcare utilization Emergency room visit | 6 Participants | 3 Participants | 40 Participants | 12 Participants | 3 Participants | 11 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Other healthcare utilization Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Past month drug use or abuse Marijuana | 28 Participants | 15 Participants | 114 Participants | 28 Participants | 13 Participants | 21 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Past month drug use or abuse Opioids/Sedatives/Tranquilizers | 4 Participants | 2 Participants | 16 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Past month drug use or abuse Stimulants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants | 21 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Past month drug use or abuse Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Past month treatment No past month treatment | 45 Participants | 62 Participants | 327 Participants | 50 Participants | 57 Participants | 47 Participants | 66 Participants |
| Past month treatment Past month treatment | 21 Participants | 4 Participants | 70 Participants | 16 Participants | 9 Participants | 19 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Past month treatment Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Past month treatment engagement Inpatient treatment | 9 Participants | 1 Participants | 37 Participants | 11 Participants | 3 Participants | 12 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Past month treatment engagement Medically Assisted Treatment (MAT) use | 12 Participants | 3 Participants | 40 Participants | 11 Participants | 4 Participants | 10 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Past month treatment engagement Outpatient treatment | 14 Participants | 3 Participants | 40 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 11 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Past month treatment engagement Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized African American | 9 Participants | 8 Participants | 62 Participants | 11 Participants | 11 Participants | 13 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 36 Participants | 6 Participants | 7 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 53 Participants | 54 Participants | 315 Participants | 52 Participants | 51 Participants | 50 Participants | 55 Participants |
| Severe Alcohol Use Disorder | 59 Participants | — | 186 Participants | 62 Participants | — | 65 Participants | — |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Man | 41 Participants | 15 Participants | 176 Participants | 40 Participants | 23 Participants | 38 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Other | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Woman | 25 Participants | 51 Participants | 219 Participants | 25 Participants | 42 Participants | 28 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Vaccinated for COVID Unknown | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Vaccinated for COVID Vaccinated for COVID | 46 Participants | 49 Participants | 295 Participants | 47 Participants | 51 Participants | 49 Participants | 53 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 67 | 1 / 66 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 67 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 66 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 67 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 67 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 66 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 67 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 67 | 0 / 66 | 0 / 66 |
Outcome results
Primary
% of Patient Risky Drinking Days
Risky drinking day will be defined as greater than 4 drinks for men and greater than 3 drinks for women and will be measured through the Timeline Followback every 120 days.
Time frame: Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months
Population: Identified Patients in each arm (Smartphone Control, ACHESS, and PartnerCHESS) were surveyed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | Baseline | 53.99 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.03 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 4 Months | 21.64 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.43 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 8 Months | 20.91 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.54 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 12 Months | 19.76 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.62 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 12 Months | 5.92 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 4.5 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | Baseline | 48.14 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.61 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 8 Months | 5.49 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 4.56 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 4 Months | 23.98 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 4.17 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 12 Months | -7.23 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.97 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 4 Months | 22.41 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.52 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | 8 Months | 4.93 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.58 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % of Patient Risky Drinking Days | Baseline | 41.89 percentage of high-risk drinking days | Standard Error 3.13 |
Primary
Psychological Distress
The OQ45 measures the patient's and partner's outcomes during treatment by assessing three sub-domains, Symptom Distress, Interpersonal Relations, and Social Role. Scores from the Outcomes Questionnaire-45 range from 0-180, the higher the score, the higher the symptoms of distress. Cut-off score: 63 or more - indicates symptoms of clinical significance A high score suggests that the client is admitting to a large number of symptoms of distress (mainly anxiety, depression, somatic problems and stress) as well as difficulties in interpersonal relationships, social role (such as work or school), and in their general quality of life. Reliable change: indicated when a client's score changes by 14 points or more.
Time frame: Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months
Population: All participants (identified patients and concerned significant others from each arm) were surveyed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 4 Months | 69.01 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.03 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 12 Months | 63.90 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | Baseline | 69.77 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.93 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 8 Months | 63.66 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.06 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | Baseline | 71.97 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.28 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 8 Months | 62.06 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 12 Months | 57.10 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.51 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 4 Months | 67.60 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.41 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | Baseline | 70.35 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.98 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 4 Months | 63.89 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 8 Months | 59.17 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Psychological Distress | 12 Months | 56.64 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.15 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 4 Months | 51.44 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | Baseline | 51.16 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.91 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 12 Months | 53.11 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.03 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 8 Months | 51.91 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.98 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 8 Months | 47.88 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 4 Months | 48.15 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | Baseline | 48.37 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 12 Months | 44.70 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.91 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 8 Months | 53.85 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 2.02 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | Baseline | 52.85 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.88 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 12 Months | 51.86 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.98 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Psychological Distress | 4 Months | 55.01 score on a scale from 0-180 | Standard Deviation 1.97 |
Secondary
% Days Abstinent
% days abstinent will be measured through the Timeline Followback every 120 days.
Time frame: Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months
Population: Identified patients were surveyed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | Baseline | 26.77 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 3.62 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 4 Months | 55.59 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 3.89 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 8 Months | 59.26 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 3.97 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 12 Months | 65.33 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 4.08 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 12 Months | 79.19 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 5.14 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | Baseline | 28.51 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 4.33 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 8 Months | 68.24 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 5.11 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 4 Months | 52.65 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 4.84 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 12 Months | 86.59 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 4.28 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 4 Months | 61.20 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 4.02 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | 8 Months | 74.65 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 3.98 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | % Days Abstinent | Baseline | 38.61 percentage of days abstinent | Standard Deviation 3.67 |
Secondary
Relationship Satisfaction
Determined by use of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale - 7 (DAS-7) which is a brief version of the 32 question Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and assesses the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Possible range is 0-36. Higher scores indicate more positive relationship quality. Scores less than 21 are considered to indicate a relationship in distress.
Time frame: Baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months
Population: Romantic dyads (identified patients and concerned significant others from each arm who stated their partner was a significant other/spouse at baseline) were surveyed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline | 22.87 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 4 Months | 21.66 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 8 Months | 20.89 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Smartphone Control - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 12 Months | 21.98 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 8 Months | 21.96 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 4 Months | 22.79 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.74 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline | 22.09 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
| ACHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 12 Months | 22.10 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 12 Months | 20.73 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 8 Months | 20.63 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | 4 Months | 21.75 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
| PartnerCHESS - Identified Patient (IP) | Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline | 22.74 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline | 21.66 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 12 Months | 21.90 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 4 Months | 21.48 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| Smartphone Control - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 8 Months | 20.36 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 8 Months | 20.21 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 12 Months | 22.39 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 4 Months | 21.43 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| ACHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline | 22.86 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 4 Months | 21.95 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 8 Months | 22.46 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | 12 Months | 22.04 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| PartnerCHESS - Concerned Significant Other (CSO) | Relationship Satisfaction | Baseline | 23.25 score on a scale from 0-36 | Standard Deviation 0.69 |