Hypertension, Salt; Excess
Conditions
Keywords
hypertension, salt, salt reduction
Brief summary
Sodium is an essential nutrient for humans, but excessive sodium consumption is causally associated with high blood pressure and increase risk of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary sodium consumption of greater than the recommended daily amount of 5 grams of salt or 2,000 mg of sodium is a major risk factor for CVD-related mortality. From recent national survey, Thai people had consumed more than 9.1 g of salt per day, which was nearly two times above WHO reference level. Dietary salt reduction was unsuccessful because of lacking awareness, and the higher threshold to detect salt taste in chronic high salt ingestion. To create awareness in the community, we should be educated, managed the environmental for salt reduction, and used salt meter to detect sodium content in daily food. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intervention; education, reformulation, environmental change and used salt meter compared with standard treatment alone in terms of salt intake reduction and blood pressure.
Detailed description
A randomized-controlled trial was conducted in adult 18-70 years old with hypertensive patients (SBP\>130 mmHg) in Uthaithani. Participants were randomized to intervention groups (education, reformulation, environmental change and used salt meter) and control group (standard education and treatment). Trial was followed up for 12 weeks. The primary objective was change in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion between groups and secondary objectives was change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEducation
\- Education: Education about risk of high sodium intake, type of sodium, nutrition ingredients
BEHAVIORALReformulation
\- Reformulation: Dietary recommendation in low sodium intake
BEHAVIORALEnvironmental change
\- Environmental change: Encourage about low sodium intake in community
DEVICESalt meter
\- Used salt meter: at least 3 times/wk
BEHAVIORALstandard treatment
standard treatment
Sponsors
World Health Organization
Thai health promotion foundation.
Mahidol University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adults 18-70 years of age with hypertension * Systolic blood pressure \> 130 mmHg * Provided informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Participants with end stage kidney disease * History of adjust antihypertensive agents or diuretic within 2 weeks before enrollment * Pregnant or breastfeeding women * Adjustment of any antihypertensive agents during study period * Participants with salt supplement
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 24-hour urine sodium excretion | 12 weeks | Compare the change of 24-hour urine sodium excretion between intervention group, received education, reformulation, environmental change and monitoring of salt intake by salt meter and control group, received standard treatment |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| blood pressure | 4, 8 12 weeks | Compare the change systolic and diastolic blood pressure between intervention group, received education, reformulation, environmental change and monitoring of salt intake by salt meter and control group, received standard treatment |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Primary ContactPITCHAPORN SONUCH
Outcome results
None listed