Tobacco-Related Carcinoma
Conditions
Brief summary
This trial refines and evaluates anti-tobacco messages among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) young adults at risk for the use of more than one tobacco product (polytobacco use). Polytobacco use is associated with nicotine dependence and tobacco use into adulthood, and is disproportionately high among LGBT young adults. This trial seeks to determine effective communication of polytobacco use risk to at-risk LGBT young adults.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Identify absolute and relative risk anti-tobacco messages that effectively communicate polytobacco risks to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) young adults. Participants view anti-tobacco messages and rate them for perceived effectiveness and reactance.
Interventions
Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Young adults (age 18-35 years) * Live in the United States At least 50% of the sample also: * Are susceptible to multiple nicotine and tobacco product use (i.e., have used combustible tobacco or e-cigarettes at least once)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour | 6 items measured on 5-point scale, 1 = Not at all and 5 = Very much * These messages were worth remembering. * These messages grabbed my attention. * These messages are powerful. * These messages are convincing. * These messages are meaningful. * These messages are informative. Responses were summed and averaged to create a scale for intention to quit (range from 1 - 5). Higher scores indicate a higher persuasive potential of the message. |
| Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour | Six items were analyzed separately, each scored on 5-point Likert scale (1=Strongly Disagree, 5=Strongly Agree) These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping. These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. |
| Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour | On a scale from 0-10, where 0 = not at all harmful and 10 = extremely harmful now harmful are ... to your health? * combustible cigarettes * nicotine vapes On a scale from 0-10, where 0 = much less harmful and 10 = much more harmful... • compared to combustible cigarettes, how harmful are nicotine vapes to your health? |
| Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour | 8-items made up two 4-pt scales (1 = definitely will not and 4 = definitely will). Items for each scale were summed and averaged. Higher scores indicate higher likelihood of avoiding cigarettes/nicotine vapes. How likely it is that in the next 3 months, you will refrain from... * smoking cigarettes completely and permanently? * smoking cigarettes when you get lonely? * smoking cigarettes when you are with your friends who use them? * smoking cigarettes when someone hands you a cigarette? How likely it is that in the next 3 months, you will refrain from... * vaping nicotine completely and permanently? * vaping nicotine when you get lonely? * vaping nicotine when you are with your friends who use them? * vaping nicotine when someone hands you a vape? |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| AR-Quit Participants view messages with absolute risk and quit statements
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| AR-Switch Participants view messages with absolute risk and switch statements
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| AR-Combination Participants view messages with absolute risk and combination quit+switch statements
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| RR-Quit Participants view messages with comparative risk and quit statements
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| RR-Switch Participants view messages with comparative risk and switch statements
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| RR-Combination Participants view messages with comparative risk and combination quit+switch statements
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| Control Participants view FDA regulatory messages
Health communications: Participants are assigned to view health communications with risk and efficacy statements. | 407 |
| Total | 2,849 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control | Total | RR-Switch | RR-Quit | AR-Combination | AR-Switch | AR-Quit | RR-Combination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized 18-24 years old | 138 Participants | 928 Participants | 133 Participants | 126 Participants | 138 Participants | 123 Participants | 131 Participants | 139 Participants |
| Age, Customized 25-35 years old | 267 Participants | 1894 Participants | 270 Participants | 278 Participants | 261 Participants | 283 Participants | 270 Participants | 265 Participants |
| Age, Customized Unknown or not reported | 2 Participants | 27 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 8 Participants | 1 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Dual smoking/vaping status Currently vape nicotine AND smoke cigarettes | 69 Participants | 452 Participants | 61 Participants | 57 Participants | 65 Participants | 73 Participants | 63 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Dual smoking/vaping status Formerly vaped nicotine AND smoked cigarettes | 168 Participants | 1213 Participants | 184 Participants | 177 Participants | 176 Participants | 162 Participants | 177 Participants | 169 Participants |
| Dual smoking/vaping status Never vaped nicotine OR smoked cigarettes | 93 Participants | 650 Participants | 89 Participants | 87 Participants | 88 Participants | 103 Participants | 91 Participants | 99 Participants |
| Dual smoking/vaping status Only ever vaped nicotine OR smoked cigarettes | 77 Participants | 534 Participants | 73 Participants | 86 Participants | 78 Participants | 69 Participants | 76 Participants | 75 Participants |
| Dual smoking/vaping status Unknown or not reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 48 Participants | 378 Participants | 45 Participants | 57 Participants | 49 Participants | 59 Participants | 58 Participants | 62 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 357 Participants | 2444 Participants | 358 Participants | 347 Participants | 350 Participants | 347 Participants | 343 Participants | 342 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 27 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 8 Participants | 1 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 Participants | 22 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 31 Participants | 238 Participants | 31 Participants | 43 Participants | 28 Participants | 39 Participants | 30 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 53 Participants | 322 Participants | 42 Participants | 39 Participants | 45 Participants | 41 Participants | 47 Participants | 55 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 16 Participants | 184 Participants | 32 Participants | 32 Participants | 29 Participants | 24 Participants | 24 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 39 Participants | 291 Participants | 31 Participants | 43 Participants | 42 Participants | 45 Participants | 50 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 264 Participants | 1787 Participants | 266 Participants | 246 Participants | 258 Participants | 256 Participants | 253 Participants | 244 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 407 participants | 2849 participants | 407 participants | 407 participants | 407 participants | 407 participants | 407 participants | 407 participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Cisgender female | 185 Participants | 1365 Participants | 224 Participants | 187 Participants | 195 Participants | 192 Participants | 195 Participants | 187 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Cisgender Male | 180 Participants | 1197 Participants | 152 Participants | 179 Participants | 163 Participants | 183 Participants | 169 Participants | 171 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Transgender or gender diverse | 40 Participants | 258 Participants | 27 Participants | 38 Participants | 41 Participants | 30 Participants | 36 Participants | 46 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Unknown or not reported | 2 Participants | 29 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 8 Participants | 2 Participants | 7 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Sexual Orientation Ace/Asexual | 14 Participants | 118 Participants | 10 Participants | 16 Participants | 29 Participants | 17 Participants | 19 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Sexual Orientation Bisexual | 133 Participants | 905 Participants | 141 Participants | 126 Participants | 131 Participants | 121 Participants | 129 Participants | 124 Participants |
| Sexual Orientation Heterosexual | 212 Participants | 1493 Participants | 215 Participants | 215 Participants | 200 Participants | 225 Participants | 206 Participants | 220 Participants |
| Sexual Orientation Lesbian or gay | 44 Participants | 299 Participants | 37 Participants | 45 Participants | 38 Participants | 43 Participants | 46 Participants | 46 Participants |
| Sexual Orientation Unknown or not reported | 4 Participants | 34 Participants | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants | 1 Participants | 7 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Smoking status Currently use cigarettes | 117 Participants | 750 Participants | 93 Participants | 106 Participants | 106 Participants | 114 Participants | 108 Participants | 106 Participants |
| Smoking status Formerly used cigarettes | 159 Participants | 1184 Participants | 192 Participants | 170 Participants | 176 Participants | 148 Participants | 168 Participants | 171 Participants |
| Smoking status Never used cigarettes | 131 Participants | 915 Participants | 122 Participants | 131 Participants | 125 Participants | 145 Participants | 131 Participants | 130 Participants |
| Smoking status Unknown or not reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Vaping status Currently vape nicotine | 140 Participants | 1015 Participants | 160 Participants | 137 Participants | 146 Participants | 144 Participants | 141 Participants | 147 Participants |
| Vaping status Formerly vaped nicotine | 135 Participants | 915 Participants | 118 Participants | 141 Participants | 132 Participants | 133 Participants | 139 Participants | 117 Participants |
| Vaping status Never vaped nicotine | 132 Participants | 919 Participants | 129 Participants | 129 Participants | 129 Participants | 130 Participants | 127 Participants | 143 Participants |
| Vaping status Unknown or not reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk | EG006 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 | 0 / 407 |
Outcome results
Primary
Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco
8-items made up two 4-pt scales (1 = definitely will not and 4 = definitely will). Items for each scale were summed and averaged. Higher scores indicate higher likelihood of avoiding cigarettes/nicotine vapes. How likely it is that in the next 3 months, you will refrain from... * smoking cigarettes completely and permanently? * smoking cigarettes when you get lonely? * smoking cigarettes when you are with your friends who use them? * smoking cigarettes when someone hands you a cigarette? How likely it is that in the next 3 months, you will refrain from... * vaping nicotine completely and permanently? * vaping nicotine when you get lonely? * vaping nicotine when you are with your friends who use them? * vaping nicotine when someone hands you a vape?
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour
Population: Analytic population included participants who did not have missing data on outcomes.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AR-Quit | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.27 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.48 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.16 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.40 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.16 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.40 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.22 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.46 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.11 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.46 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.17 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.44 units on a scale |
| Control | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to use nicotine vapes | 3.15 units on a scale |
| Control | Behavioral Intentions to Use Tobacco | Behavioral intentions to smoke cigarettes | 3.37 units on a scale |
Primary
Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential.
6 items measured on 5-point scale, 1 = Not at all and 5 = Very much * These messages were worth remembering. * These messages grabbed my attention. * These messages are powerful. * These messages are convincing. * These messages are meaningful. * These messages are informative. Responses were summed and averaged to create a scale for intention to quit (range from 1 - 5). Higher scores indicate a higher persuasive potential of the message.
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour
Population: Analytic population only included participants who had no missing data for any scale items.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| AR-Quit | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 3.57 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 3.24 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 3.26 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 3.44 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 2.93 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 2.98 units on a scale |
| Control | Message Perceived Effectiveness - Persuasive Potential. | 3.10 units on a scale |
Primary
Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact
Six items were analyzed separately, each scored on 5-point Likert scale (1=Strongly Disagree, 5=Strongly Agree) These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping. These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit.
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour
Population: Analytic population did not include participants with missing data for outcomes.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.24 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 3.11 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 2.96 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.96 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 2.10 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 1.26 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.38 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 2.21 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.29 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 3.10 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 1.91 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 3.52 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 1.87 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 3.41 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.35 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 2.26 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.44 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 3.16 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 1.62 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.71 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 3.28 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 3.34 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 2.53 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.21 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 1.84 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 3.00 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 2.17 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.30 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 3.67 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.07 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 3.67 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 1.94 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 3.17 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 2.14 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.22 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.32 units on a scale |
| Control | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping | 1.81 units on a scale |
| Control | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. | 2.82 units on a scale |
| Control | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. | 1.24 units on a scale |
| Control | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. | 2.83 units on a scale |
| Control | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. | 1.26 units on a scale |
| Control | Perceived Effectiveness - Perceived Behavioral Impact | These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. | 2.76 units on a scale |
Primary
Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use
On a scale from 0-10, where 0 = not at all harmful and 10 = extremely harmful now harmful are ... to your health? * combustible cigarettes * nicotine vapes On a scale from 0-10, where 0 = much less harmful and 10 = much more harmful... • compared to combustible cigarettes, how harmful are nicotine vapes to your health?
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to intervention, up to 1 hour
Population: Analytic population included participants with no missing data on outcomes.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AR-Quit | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 7.57 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 9.08 units on a scale |
| AR-Quit | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 4.99 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 7.05 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 9.07 units on a scale |
| AR-Switch | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 4.65 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 4.81 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 8.97 units on a scale |
| AR-Combination | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 7.19 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 9.11 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 7.19 units on a scale |
| RR-Quit | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 4.46 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 9.06 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 6.88 units on a scale |
| RR-Switch | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 4.34 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 9.04 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 6.94 units on a scale |
| RR-Combination | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 4.49 units on a scale |
| Control | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Relative harm of nicotine vapes (vs combustible cigarettes) to health | 5.04 units on a scale |
| Control | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of cigarettes to health | 8.94 units on a scale |
| Control | Risk Perceptions: Absolute/Relative Risks of Cigarette vs. E-cigarette Use | Absolute harm of nicotine vapes to health | 7.57 units on a scale |