Hypertension
Conditions
Keywords
hypertension, blood pressure, nutrition, diet, DASH, sodium, trial, dietitian, cholesterol
Brief summary
GoFreshRx is a randomized trial, testing the effects of a home-delivered DASH-patterned grocery intervention on blood pressure in Black adults actively treated for hypertension, residing in Boston area urban food deserts.
Detailed description
Hypertension affects over half of Black adults in the United States - more than any other group - and diet is a principal determinant of disparities in hypertension among Black adults. While the DASH diet is a proven strategy for lowering blood pressure in Black adults, diet disparities are increasing in urban food deserts due to poor access and the high costs of healthy foods. Our proposed clinical trial will randomize 150 Black adults, who are actively treated for hypertension and reside in Boston area urban food deserts to either: 1. 12 weeks of dietitian-assisted, DASH grocery delivery via an online, virtual grocery store at an amount sufficient to replace all Calorie needs of each participant, allowing for some sharing with family members or 2. Self-directed shopping with a monthly stipend over a 3-month period After the 12-week intervention phase, participants will undergo a 9-month observation phase. At 3-months after the intervention is complete the investigators will repeat in-person study assessments and perform qualitative interviews in a subset of the population to determine barriers and facilitators to intermediate-term maintenance of the intervention. At 9-months after the intervention, participants will participate in a phone visit designed to assess longer-term maintenance of the intervention.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALDietitian-Assisted DASH groceries
The DASH ("Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension"), is a healthy dietary pattern that lowers blood pressure without reducing weight. The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products; includes whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts; and is reduced in red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages. Intervention Phase: This intervention is a weekly, 12-week DASH dietary intervention. A dietitian will assist participants in ordering groceries in a pattern consistent with the DASH diet to be delivered to their homes. The quantity of groceries will be based on participant Calorie needs and family size. Observation Phase: For months 4-12 of the study, participants will be asked to continue following a DASH grocery shopping pattern without the provision of weekly groceries.
BEHAVIORALSelf-directed shopping
Intervention Phase: Participants will receive some basic information on healthy eating and a monthly stipend at 4, 8, and 12-weeks of the intervention. Observation Phase: For months 4-12 of the study, participants will be asked to follow their typical shopping pattern without the provision of a monthly stipend.
Sponsors
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Outcomes assessors will not know randomization assignment. Investigators will not know randomization assignment. Participants and the nutritionist/dietitian interventionist will need to know randomization assignment in order to carry out the intervention.
Intervention model description
Individual level, parallel, randomized trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
INCLUSION: * Self-reported/self-identified as Black or African American * Resting systolic blood pressure of 120 to \<150 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure \<100 mm Hg * Active treatment with medications intended for hypertension treatment within the last 6 months at stable doses * Residence in communities identified as Boston area food deserts: Brighton, Chelsea, Dorchester, East Boston, Everett, Hyde Park, Jamaica Plain, Malden, Mattapan, Revere, Roslindale, Roxbury, or Winthrop * Able to receive home-delivered groceries or pick them up at a convenient location and willing to eat only the groceries provided over a 12-week period * Have access to refrigeration, cooking appliances, and Wi-Fi/cellular service * Have access to mobile device or computer to be able to conduct grocery orders via video conference or by phone * Willing and able to complete required measurement procedures EXCLUSION: Laboratory Exclusions: * Serum potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L or \<3.5 mmol/L * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<30 mL/min per 1.73 m\^2 by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation * Hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% Medication Exclusions: * Unstable doses of medications that lower blood pressure or medications intended for hypertension treatment (including antihypertensives taken for non-hypertension purposes) within the last 6 months * Unstable doses (i.e. a change in the 2 months prior to screening or randomization) of the following: * Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors * Stimulants * Inhaled or oral medications for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Hormone replacement therapy or thyroid hormone * Weight-increasing psychotropic agents, including antipsychotic agents, lithium, and mirtazapine * Use of any of the following medications: * Potassium supplement, except if part of a multivitamin * Warfarin (Coumadin) * Chronic oral corticosteroid (intermittent use is okay) * Weight loss medications (including GLP-1 receptor agonists) * Unwillingness to keep same dose of vitamin, mineral, and botanical supplements * Any medication not compatible with participation as determined by the investigators Physical Exclusions: * Systolic blood pressure ≥150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg * Body weight \>420 pounds * Arm circumference \>50cm * Weight loss or gain of \>5.0% of body weight during prior 2 months Medical History Exclusions: * Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes defined as a hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% or diabetes treatment * Active cardiovascular disease or any event in the prior 6 months, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation requiring hospital admission * Cancer diagnosis or treatment in the last 2 years (non-melanoma skin cancer or localized breast or prostate or bladder cancer not requiring systemic therapy is acceptable) * Active inflammatory bowel disease, bowel resection, malabsorptive syndrome, pancreatitis (episode within past year), or history of bariatric surgery * Pregnancy or lactation or planned pregnancy * Any emergency department (ED) visit for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the last 6 months * Any other serious illness or condition not compatible with participation as determined by the investigators Lifestyle and Other Exclusions: * Significant food allergies, preferences, intolerances, or dietary requirements that would interfere with diet adherence * Consumption of more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week or consumption of more than 6 drinks on one or more occasion per week * Active substance use disorder that would interfere with participation * Extreme food insecurity * Participation in or planning to start weight loss program * Current participation in another clinical trial that could interfere with the study protocol * Anticipated change in residence prior to the end of the study * Families with more than 6 adults at dinner time (children are considered to be half an adult) * Investigator discretion
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Seated, office-based, systolic blood pressure (intervention phase) | Measured 3 months after randomization | In-person, measured with an automated oscillometric device that will perform 3 measurements. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Seated, office-based, systolic blood pressure (observation phase) | Measured 6 months after randomization | In-person, measured with an automated oscillometric device that will perform 3 measurements. |
| Seated, office-based, diastolic blood pressure (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | In-person, measured with an automated oscillometric device that will perform 3 measurements. |
| Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: wake-time systolic and diastolic blood pressure (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with a mobile blood pressure device that will measure blood pressure over a 24-hour period. |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | In-person, measurement based on height and weight. Height is measured via a stadiometer and weight is measured via calibrated scale. |
| 24-hour urine potassium (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Collected at home after a clinic void over a 24-hour period |
| 24-hour urine sodium (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Collected at home after a clinic void over a 24-hour period |
| Hemoglobin A1c (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | In-person blood collection; measure of glycemia over the preceding 3 months |
| Lipids (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Measured in fasted serum specimens collected during phlebotomy. Includes total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, derived low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides |
| Serum potassium (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Measured in blood as part of a basic metabolic panel |
| Serum creatinine (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Measured in blood as part of a basic metabolic panel |
| Daily intake of fat, fruits, and vegetables (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization | Assessed via questionnaire in-person and via phone call; assessed via a validated food screener (Block et al; PMID: 10788730). |
| 24-hour dietary recall (intervention & observation phases) | Measured 3 and 6 months after randomization | Assessed via questionnaire in-person using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24) |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORStephen P Juraschek, MD, PhD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Outcome results
None listed