Fetal Blood Flow, Fetal Heart Rate or Rhythm Abnormality Affecting Fetus, Glucose, Low Blood, Pregnancy Related
Conditions
Brief summary
The objective of this randomized cross-over design was to investigate the fetal well-being and maternal glycemic response to an acute bout of aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with pregnant individuals.
Interventions
OTHERHigh intensity Interval Training
HIIT protocol consisted of 10 one-minute intervals of high-intensity work (i.e., \> 90% HRmax) interspersed with nine one-minute intervals of self-paced active recovery (19-minutes total).
OTHERModerate Intensity Continuous Training
The MICT protocol consisted of 30-minutes of moderate intensity cycling (i.e., 64 - 76% HRmax).
Sponsors
University of Alberta
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Carrying a singleton pregnancy (i.e. greater than or equal to 20 weeks of gestation). * Has access to a stationary bike * Located within Canada and/or within Edmonton Alberta
Exclusion criteria
* History of smoking within the last year * Taking medications that may interfere with cardiovascular function. * High-order pregnancies, e.g. twins or above. * Females with absolute contraindications (as outlined by the Canadian Guidelines for Physical Activity throughout Pregnancy and the PARMed-X questionnaire)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Flash Glucose Monitor; interstitial Glucose | 7-days | Measured by a Flash Glucose monitor inserted onto the back of the left tricep |
| Fetal Heart Rate | 3-minutes | Measured via ultrasound pre and post exercise |
| Fetal Umbilical Blood Flow | 3-minutes | Measured Via ultrasound pre and post exercise |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived rating of perceived exertion | 40-minutes | Borg Scale; Ratings from 6 - 20; Rating of six is minimal perceived exertion and rating of 20 is maximal perceived exertion. |
| Cardiovascular fitness | 20-minutes | Graded exercise test to volitional fatigue. |
| Cerebral Blood Flow of Posterior cerebral artery | 40-min | Measured using a trans cranial doppler ultrasound. Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. |
| Sleep Quality | 7-days | The investigators will objectively measure sleep quality using an accelerometer for one week. Average number of hours of sleep per night, time spent awake after sleep onset, and number of awakenings will be determined |
| Rating of Perceived Enjoyment (1-10 Scale) | 40-minutes | Rating of 1 is the lowest level of perceived enjoyment, rating of 10 is maximal perceived enjoyment |
| Blood pressure | 40-min | Measured with a finometer; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. |
| Cardiac Output | 40-min | Measured with a finometer; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. |
| Cerebral blood flow of middle cerebral artery | 40-minutes | Measured using a trans cranial doppler ultrasound. Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. |
| fasted blood sample- sex hormones | 5-minutes | Fasted blood samples (\ 30ml) will be analyzed for sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone). |
| Physical Activity Questionnaire | 5-minutes | The participants will report physical activity using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (gives metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-hr/week). |
| Depression rating | 5-minutes | Participants will answer a 10-question questionnaire regarding their mood. A score of 10 or higher is indicative of depressive symptoms. The investigators will report the over number of women in each group who have a score of 10+ at the start and end of the intervention. |
| Respiratory measures - respiratory frequency | 40-minutes | Breathing frequency (breaths per minute). Measured using spirometry. |
| Maternal Heart Rate | 40-minutes | Measured via heart rate monitor; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. |
| Respiratory measures - oxygen | 40-minutes | Oxygen metabolism (% oxygen used per breath). Measured using a gas analyzer. |
| Respiratory measures - carbon dioxide | 40-minutes | Carbon Dioxide production (% carbon dioxide per breath). Measured using a gas analyzer. |
| Respiratory measures - lung volume | 40-minutes | Total Lung Capacity (Liters). Measured using spirometry. |
| Fetal Outcome - birth weight | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with birth weight for the infant (grams) |
| fetal outcomes- length | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with birth length for the infant (cm) |
| fetal outcomes- gestational age | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with gestational age at delivery (weeks) |
| maternal outcomes- mode of delivery | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean). |
| maternal outcomes- delivery complications | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding any delivery complications. |
| maternal outcomes- pregnancy complications | any time during study | Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding any pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia). |
| fetal outcomes- NICU | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding length (days) of admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) if applicable |
| maternal outcomes- gestational weight gain | within one month postpartum | Participants will provide the investigators with the last maternal weight immediately before delivery. This will be used to calculate gestational weight gain (kg; last maternal weight - self reported pre-pregnancy weight). |
| Respiratory measures - tidal volume | 40-minutes | Tidal Volume (Liters per breath). Measured using spirometry. |
| Accelerometer | 7-days | The investigators will objectively measure physical activity using an accelerometer for one week. Average number of minutes per day spent in various activity levels will be determined. |
| Food Log | 7-days | The investigators will objectively measure nutrients in diet using a seven day food record. This is completed through Food Prodigy/ Food Processor software. |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed