COVID-19, Myocardial Injury, Vaccine Reaction
Conditions
Keywords
COVID-19, mRNA vaccines, myocardial injury, myocarditis, gene expression
Brief summary
The overall goal of the study is to investigate the characteristics and potential mechanisms responsible for myocardial injury and dysfunction in patients after COVID-19 vaccination. Cardiac damage will be assessed with cardiac MRI and endomyocardial biopsy (EmBx) histopathology. Myocardial gene expression will be measured in RNA extracted from EmBxs mRNA abundance compared to nonfailing and failing control hearts.
Detailed description
To determine whether there is microvascular thrombosis-associated myocardial damage and dysfunction vs. inflammation or other changes in patients who, following administration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, develop evidence of myocardial injury typically diagnosed as myocarditis based on cardiac MRI findings. Further, the degree of inflammatory reaction vs. microthrombotic injury to cardiac myocytes from biopsied myocardial tissue will be compared with biopsied myocardial tissue from control hearts. mRNA expression of the ACE2 and ITGA5 binding targets of SARS-Cov-2 Spike protein encoded by mRNA vaccines, as well as expression of other genes that may contribute to post-vaccine pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory states including Coagulation Factor 3 (F3, also known as tissue factor), ACE, AGTR1 and AGT) or a dysfunctional cardiac state (NPPB as a marker of pathologic remodeling) will be examined as candidate genes. Additional, global gene expression is being measured by RNA-Seq and microarray.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
American Heart Association
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
University of Colorado, Denver
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. age ≥18 years; 2. clear evidence of myocardial involvement including: 1. High Sensitivity Troponin I value of (≥0.05 ng/ml (the 99% upper bound)) OR 2. an LVEF \< 50% OR 3. ST-T change suggesting STEMI, NSTEMI or myopericarditis in the absence of coronary artery disease, OR 4. new onset sustained VT or VF 3. Late gadolinium enhancement or edema on cMRI consistent with myocardial injury or inflammation. 4. Documentation of vaccination with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. 5. No history of COVID-19, or a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR or other FDA approved laboratory test within 1 week of enrollment. 6. Patient and/or legally authorized representative must be competent to understand and agree with informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
1. Hemodynamic instability as evidenced by escalating doses of inotropic agents or vasopressors within the prior 24 hours 2. Respiratory instability as evidenced by increasing oxygen requirements over the 24 hours prior to consent or FiO2 requirement ≥ 60 %. 3. evidence that respiratory failure is the primary reason for myocardial dysfunction; 4. Moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (mean PAP ≥35 mmHg); 5. INR \>1.8 on no anticoagulation or contraindication to withdrawing anticoagulation; 6. platelets \<100,000/mm3. 7. History of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing or other commercial or public health assay. 8. Acute or chronic kidney disease with glomerular filtration rate \< 30 ml/min.1.72m2
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Myocardial damage | clinical follow up for at least 30 days following endomyocardial biopsy | Initial clinical diagnosis of myocardial injury or myocarditis will be confirmed by cardiac MRI. Specific findings of late gadolinium enhancement and abnormal T1-signals within the myocardium consistent with acute injury, inflammation or edema will be evaluated. |
| Histopathological changes assessed by light- and electron-microscopy in myocardial tissue | clinical follow up for at least 30 days following endomyocardial biopsy | Determining the histopathologic changes present in the endomyocardial biopsies of patients with COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocardial injury. Assessment of the standard H&E stains will include evaluation for presence and degree of inflammation within the myocardium, presence of microvascular thrombi within vasculature, and evidence of myocardial damage. The trichrome, iron, and Congo red stains will be used to evaluate for the presence of fibrosis, iron, or amyloid, respectively. Electron microscopy will be employed to examine cardiac myocyte and small blood vessel architectures. |
| Myocardial mRNA expression | clinical follow up for at least 30 days following endomyocardial biopsy | Measure myocardial mRNA expression of candidate genes involved in Spike protein binding and cell entry (ACE2 and ITGA5), the renin-angiotensin system (ACE, AGT, AGTR1), initiation of coagulation (F3/TF) and pathologic myocardial remodeling (NPPB). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Myocardial mRNA expression of additional genes measured by both RNA-Seq and microarray. | clinical follow up for at least 30 days following endomyocardial biopsy | Measure mRNA expression of additional candidate and global genes, and compare results to nonfailing and failing controls. Seven candidate genes will be measured by three platforms (qPCR, RNA-Seq and microarray), and global transcripts by RNA-Seq and microarray. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed