Environmental Exposure, Risk Behavior, Health, Risk Reduction
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this study is to examine what effect real-time feedback on particulate matter (PM) air pollution levels has on risk recognition and behavior. The hypothesis is that real-time exposure feedback will change perceptions of risk and increase behaviors that avoid exposure to environmental risks. At least one representative household member in participating households will complete a questionnaire to fully understand environmental concerns, risk perceptions, and related behaviors. Half of the households will have PM monitors that continuously display real-time concentrations and an indication of the hazard level. The other participants will have the same device but it will only display the date and time. All participants will then be surveyed again: (a) immediately after sampling is complete (i.e., when the devices are removed from the home), (b) after 3 months and, (c) after 6 months. The goal of repeated surveys is to determine changing understanding of risks, how participating in research and/or receiving real-time exposure data may have changed participant behavior, and what concerns they continue to have. The questionnaire will include questions with categorical and/or quantitative answers (e.g., frequency of specific behaviors) so that changes in risk perception and behavior can be effectively analyzed.
Interventions
DEVICEReal-Time Exposure Feedback
Participants will receive real-time exposure monitors that continuously display real-time air concentration information and a color-coded designation for the current risk level.
Sponsors
University of Utah
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Participants must live in a household where at least one adult is a member of the N. Arapaho tribe who is a Primary Participant in the related exposure assessment study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Behaviors Related to Reduction in Exposure at Device Removal | From baseline to device removal, up to 3 months | Outcomes will be measured by units on a scale that describe how often (frequency) behaviors related to reduction in particulate matter exposure occur. Four (4) behaviors were evaluated for frequency of daily (score=1), weekly (score=2), monthly (score=3), yearly (score=4), never (score=5), and not applicable (score=0). These were summed for a final score. The possible score range was from 0 (none of the behaviors were applicable) to 20 (none of the behaviors were ever done). For example, if all four behaviors were done weekly the final score would be 2+2+2+2 = 8. The outcome measure was obtained before and after sampling. The reported outcome measure here is the change in the combined score. Positive change indicates increased frequency of exposure-reduction behaviors. |
| Behaviors Related to Reduction in Exposure 1-3 Months After Device Removal | From baseline to 1-3 months after removal of device, up to 6 months | Outcomes will be measured by units on a scale that describe how often (frequency) behaviors related to reduction in particulate matter exposure occur. Four (4) behaviors were evaluated for frequency of daily (score=1), weekly (score=2), monthly (score=3), yearly (score=4), never (score=5), and not applicable (score=0). These were summed for a final score. The possible score range was from 0 (none of the behaviors were applicable) to 20 (none of the behaviors were ever done). For example, if all four behaviors were done weekly the final score would be 2+2+2+2 = 8. The outcome measure was obtained before and after sampling. The reported outcome measure here is the change in the combined score. Positive change indicates increased frequency of exposure-reduction behaviors. |
| Behaviors Related to Reduction in Exposure 3-6 Months After Device Removal | From baseline to 3-6 months after removal of device, up to 9 months | Outcomes will be measured by units on a scale that describe how often (frequency) behaviors related to reduction in particulate matter exposure occur. Four (4) behaviors were evaluated for frequency of daily (score=1), weekly (score=2), monthly (score=3), yearly (score=4), never (score=5), and not applicable (score=0). These were summed for a final score. The possible score range was from 0 (none of the behaviors were applicable) to 20 (none of the behaviors were ever done). For example, if all four behaviors were done weekly the final score would be 2+2+2+2 = 8. The outcome measure was obtained before and after sampling. The reported outcome measure here is the change in the combined score. Positive change indicates increased frequency of exposure-reduction behaviors. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment occurred primarily through word of mouth, posted flyers, booths at local events, and social media announcements.
Pre-assignment details
Once an individual signed the informed consent, they were considered enrolled in the study. However, before assignment to one of the study arms, an initial questionnaire was required to get a baseline assessment. Once that was complete, the participant was randomized to receive 1 of 2 different kits of sampling equipment. There was some drop-out after consent and before assignment, which is why there is a discrepancy between "Enrollment" and "Started".
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Customized Age <18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Customized Age >= 18 years | 24 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 13 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 19 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 3 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
None listed