Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Conditions
Keywords
Delayed onset muscle soreness, Neurodynamic mobilization, Muscle damage, Inflammation, Pain
Brief summary
In the study, 34 healthy sedentary male volunteers were randomly divided into two groups as NM (n = 17) and SHAM-NM (n = 17). After the initial evaluation of the individuals, femoral nerve NM and placebo NM techniques were administered three sets a day with ten repetitions for three days a week for three weeks. Three days after the end of the applications, the second evaluations were made and the DOMS creation protocol for the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle was initiated. In order to trigger DOMS in individuals, 30 sets and 10 repetitions of eccentric knee extension (35°-95° flexion angles, 30°/sec speed) were performed on the dominant lower extremity with an isokinetic dynamometer. Baseline evaluations were repeated immediately after the DOMS protocol, and at hours 24, 48, and 72. During evaluations, muscle damage (serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha) biomarkers, pain (activity), pressure pain threshold, and performance (one-leg jump, vertical jump) parameters were measured.
Detailed description
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neurodynamic mobilization (NM) technique on muscle damage and inflammation biomarkers, and pain, pressure pain threshold, and functional status in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In the study, 34 healthy sedentary male volunteers were randomly divided into two groups as NM (n = 17) and SHAM-NM (n = 17). After the initial evaluation of the individuals, femoral nerve NM and placebo NM techniques were administered three sets a day with ten repetitions for three days a week for three weeks. Three days after the end of the applications, the second evaluations were made and the DOMS creation protocol for the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle was initiated. In order to trigger DOMS in individuals, 30 sets and 10 repetitions of eccentric knee extension (35°-95° flexion angles, 30°/sec speed) were performed on the dominant lower extremity with an isokinetic dynamometer. Baseline evaluations were repeated immediately after the DOMS protocol, and at hours 24, 48, and 72. During evaluations, muscle damage (serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha) biomarkers, pain (activity), pressure pain threshold, and performance (one-leg jump, vertical jump) parameters were measured.
Interventions
OTHERFemoral nerve neurodynamic mobilization
The mobilization was carried out with the patient lying on the non-dominant side in a total flexion position, and the therapist performed the hip extension movement with the knee joint kept in flexion till the patient felt soreness or pain. This position was held for three seconds and then released. This tensioning maneuver was repeated in three sets of ten repetitions at each session and an interval of 2 min between series were performed. A total of nine sessions were performed within three weeks.
OTHERFemoral nerve placebo neurodynamic mobilization
The individual was asked to lie on his non-dominant side and keep his head in the midline. In this position, while the pelvis was stabilized, the upper leg, which was in full knee extension, was grasped and the hip was abducted for 3 seconds. This maneuver was repeated in three sets of ten repetitions at each session and an interval of 2 min between series were performed. A total of nine sessions were performed within three weeks.
Sponsors
Gazi University
Uğur Sözlü
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
The study was conducted as a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 32 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being in the age range of 20-32 years. * Being male (Because gender difference in the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage might exist as shown in previous studies, only men were recruited in the present study.) * Being inactive according to activity guidelines published by the American College of Sports Medicine (less than 30 minutes of moderate physical activity as five times a week).
Exclusion criteria
* Absence of DOMS symptoms, * History of vascular disease, * Recent injury or surgery to their lower extremity, * Neurological impairments and regular use of pain and inflammation medications.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline Muscle Soreness at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | Muscle soreness was assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale (0 = no soreness, 10 = excruciatingly painful). Each subject walked down 10 steps of stairs and asked to indicate the soreness level on the line. The marked point was measured with a ruler and recorded in millimeters. |
| Change from Baseline Muscle damage marker (Creatine kinase (U/L)) at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | Creatine kinase (U/L) was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay as per the manufacturer's protocol (Beckman Coulter, Inc., CA, U.S.A.). |
| Change from Baseline Muscle damage marker (Laktat dehidrogenaz (U/L)) at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay as per the manufacturer's protocol (Beckman Coulter, Inc., CA, U.S.A.). |
| Change from Baseline Inflammatory stress marker (Tumor necrosis factor-alfa ((pg/ml)) at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | Tumor necrosis factor-alfa (pg/ml), was assessed using a sandwich enzyme linked immunoassay test as per the manufacturer's protocol. |
| Change from Baseline Inflammatory stress marker (Human interleukin-6 (pg/ml)) at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | Human interleukin-6 ((pg/ml)), was assessed using a sandwich enzyme linked immunoassay test as per the manufacturer's protocol. |
| Change from Baseline Pressure Pain Threshold (N/cm2) at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | The pressure pain threshold ((N/cm2) ) was measured using a digital pressure algometer (JTECH Medical Industries, Salt Lake City, US) at the midpoint of quadriceps femoris muscle and the other at 5 cm above the superior pole of the patella (representing the musculotendinous junction). The average value of three trials was used in the analysis. PPT measurements were found to have acceptable intra and inter-observer reliability (ICC 0.7). |
| Change from Baseline One leg hop test (cm) at 4 weeks | up to 4 weeks | In the one leg hop test (cm), participants required to stand on one leg to be tested, to jump off and to land on that leg without losing balance. Three hops (with 60 sec rest between hops) were performed and the distance hopped was measured with a standard tape measure. Mean value of distance was recorded as centimeter. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed