Postoperative Pain, Total Knee Arthroplasty
Conditions
Keywords
Total knee arthroplasty, Pain, Multimodal analgesia, Range of motion
Brief summary
This study is a randomized-clinical-trial on 146 patients candidate for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) who were randomly allocated to three treatment groups, including 1) a cocktail consisting of bupivacaine, morphine, epinephrine, and ketorolac (n=48), 2) only epinephrine (placebo group) (n=49), and 3) 400mg celecoxib orally (control group) (n=49) using Random Allocation software. The injections and oral therapy were performed within 15 minutes before the surgical procedure. The study's primary outcome was the Knee Society Score (KSS) calculated at baseline, within six weeks and six months postoperatively. Range of motion (ROM) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity as the other primary outcomes were evaluated before the procedure, within 24 hours, 48 hours, and six weeks postoperatively.
Detailed description
This randomized clinical trial conducted on 146 patients undergone TKA in orthopedic hospitals affiliated at Isfahan University of Medical Science (IUMS) in 2021. The presence of osteoarthritis, making the patients candidate for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and body mass index of 20-30 kg/m2 were determined as inclusion criteria. The Regional Bioethics Committee of IUMS approved the study protocol. This study was designed as a census study; therefore, all the patients who met the criteria for participation in this study were recruited. Participants were randomly divided into three groups using Random Allocation software, so each patient was provided with a specific number from 1-to-146 by the software and allocated to one of the groups. The investigator who performed the baseline and follow-up assessments and the patients were unaware of the study group; as the investigator was absent at the time of the surgery and all the patients administered a pill prior to the surgical procedure (one group was treated with celecoxib and the other two ones administered placebo similar in shape and color with celecoxib). The primary outcome was the Knee Society Score (KSS) calculated at baseline, within six weeks and six months postoperatively. Range of motion (ROM) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity as the other primary outcomes were evaluated before the procedure, within 24 hours, 48 hours, and six weeks postoperatively.
Interventions
DRUGMultimodal Drug
The Multimodal Drug group received morphine, epinephrine, and ketorolac (n=48), The epinephrine group (placebo group) (n=49) received 300 mcg epinephrine (1:1000) (DarouPakhsh, Tehran, Iran) peri-articulary,and the celecoxib group(control group)(n=49) recieved 400mg celecoxib orally
DRUGepinephrine
The second group received 300 mcg epinephrine (1:1000) (DarouPakhsh, Tehran, Iran) peri-articulary
DRUGcelecoxib
The third group administered celecoxib (200 mg) orally immediately before the surgery
Sponsors
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
The investigator who performed the baseline and follow-up assessments and the patients were unaware of the study group; as the investigator was absent at the time of the surgery and all the patients administered a pill prior to the surgical procedure
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
37 Years to 81 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis * Candidate for primary unilateral TKA * Body mass index of 20-30 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* Unable to follow-up the assessments * Having more than 20% defects in medical records
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Measurements of Knee Society Score (KSS) | At the beginning of the study | The Knee Society score is an assessment of the knee that comprises two arms, the functional ability and clinical examination scores, each with a 100-point denominator. One-hundred points are allocated to the functional capacity, including walking distance, stair-climbing ability, and the use of walking aids. |
| Baseline range of motion (ROM) | At the beginning of the study | Knee ROM was evaluated using a standard goniometer |
| visual analogue scale (VAS) | 24 hours after the surgical procedure | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patient's postoperative pain intensity with a 0 to 10 rating scoring scale |
| Range of motion (ROM) | 6 months after surgery | Knee ROM was evaluated using a standard goniometer |
| Knee Society Score (KSS) | 6 months after surgery | The Knee Society score is an assessment of the knee that comprises two arms, the functional ability and clinical examination scores, each with a 100-point denominator. One-hundred points are allocated to the functional capacity, including walking distance, stair-climbing ability, and the use of walking aids. |
Countries
Iran
Outcome results
None listed