Albuminuria, Chronic Kidney Diseases
Conditions
Brief summary
Early detection of kidney disease
Detailed description
Early detection and appropriate treatment of kidney disease is important as this may prevent future cardiovascular complications and end-organ damage more effectively than intervention in more advanced stages of disease. There is a well-established relationship between albuminuria and renal- and cardiovascular disease. Elevated albuminuria has a relatively high prevalence in the general population (5-9%). The prevalence of albuminuria is even higher in high-risk patients with diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease and lipid disorders. Adequate treatment of albuminuria, preferable at early stages can prevent both cardiovascular and renal disease progression. However, scarce epidemiological data show that albuminuria measurements are only conducted in a minority of individuals and disease recognition is suboptimal, even in high-risk groups. The current study aims to evaluate if and how early identification of chronic kidney disease by targeted screening of albuminuria levels is feasible in primary care (pharmacies and general practitioners) to optimally discover and treat patients with elevated albuminuria.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTAlbuminuria test
During participation, subjects are asked to collect one or more urine samples for albuminuria determination.
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTHbA1c test
During the screening visit, HbA1c will be measured with a point-of-care test (Affinion HbA1c, Abbott).
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTCreatinine test
During the screening visit, creatinine will be measured with a point-of-care test (i-STAT Alinity handheld analyser, Abbott).
Sponsors
University Medical Center Groningen
General Practitioners Research Institute
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diabetes Mellitus (diagnosis or prescription for the disease based on the NHG guidelines) * Adipositas (diagnosis) * Hypertension (diagnosis or prescription for the disease based on the NHG guidelines) * Cardiovascular disease (diagnosis, specified in protocol section 5.2.2) * Lipid disorder (diagnosis or prescription for the disease based on the NHG guidelines)
Exclusion criteria
* Inability to understand and sign the informed consent form * Pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The prevalence of elevated albuminuria | 1-2 weeks after invitation | defined as a confirmed urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The prevalence of unknown elevated albuminuria | through study completion, an average of 5 weeks | defined as elevated albuminuria not reported by the subject or previously recorded in electronic medical records of the subjects' general practice or pharmacy. |
| Average costs per subject | through study completion, an average of 5 weeks | by screening for albuminuria via pharmacies versus general practitioners. |
| the proportion of invited subjects that was identified as having hidden kidney disease | through study completion, an average of 5 weeks | by screening for albuminuria via pharmacies versus general practitioners. |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed