Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
The proposed research will help characterize the impact that simultaneous consumption of anthocyanins and carotenoids has on the bioavailability of the provitamin A carotenoids a-carotene and b-carotene and the non-provitamin A carotenoid lycopene, and on their respective antidiabetic activity in humans. The central hypothesis is that provitamin A carotenoids will be bioavailable from purple-red multicolored carrots in humans, and the co-ingestion of carotenoids and anthocyanins from these carrots will have synergistic impacts on their respective antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. This hypothesis will be assessed through a 53 day randomized crossover time course study that consists of three arms in which healthy males and females ages 18-40 (n = 12) will consume carrot juice prepared from red, purple-red, or purple carrots. During each arm, participants will switch the type of juice they consume and by the end of the third arm, all participants will have ingested juice made from all three carrot varieties. Blood will be collected at multiple time points over 72 hours following consumption.
Interventions
OTHERPurple-Red Carrot Juice
Purple-Red carrot juice contains provitamin A carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene), the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lycopene, as well as anthocyanins
OTHERRed Carrot Juice
Red carrot juice contains provitamin A carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene), and the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lycopene, but does NOT contain anthocyanins..
OTHERPurple Carrot Juice
Purple carrot juice does NOT contain provitamin A carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene), nor the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lycopene, but contains anthocyanins.
Sponsors
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy * Non-smoking * Not pregnant (or planning to become pregnant) * Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 18.5 and less than 30
Exclusion criteria
* Major comorbidities (cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, kidney/liver/bowel disease) * History of malabsorptive/GI disorders * Abnormal diet * BMI less than 18.5 or greater than 30 * Food intolerances/allergies/hypersensitivities * History of substance abuse or alcoholism * Unwilling to restrict consumption of specific foods prior to study * Unwilling to participate in blood draws * History of difficulty drawing blood/health issues associated with blood draws (gets dizzy, etc).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in serum retinol concentration | Blood will be drawn on the first test day (treatment day) at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2.5 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours | Blood draws will take place on the first, second, and fourth test day (days 8, 9, 11 of each arm) |
| Change in serum carotenoid concentration | Blood will be drawn on the first test day (treatment day) at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2.5 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours | Blood draws will take place on the first, second, and fourth test day (days 8, 9, 11 of each arm) |
| Change in serum anthocyanin concentration | Blood will be drawn on the first test day (treatment day) at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2.5 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours | Blood draws will take place on the first, second, and fourth test day (days 8, 9, 11 of each arm) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in serum glucose concentration | Blood will be drawn on the first test day (treatment day) at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2.5 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours | Blood draws will take place on the first, second, and fourth test day (days 8, 9, 11 of each arm) |
| Change in antioxidant capacity of the carrots and carrot juice measured by enzyme activity assay | up to 1 month | Three different antioxidant activity assays will be used including the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, all of which will be analyzed by Ultraviolet (UV) spec. Each method analyzes different ways anthocyanins and carotenoids may act as antioxidants, and a combination of the three will more accurately represent the parameters of human biology. Data will be expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). |
| Change in serum incretin concentration | Blood will be drawn on the first test day (treatment day) at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2.5 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours | Blood draws will take place on the first, second, and fourth test day (days 8, 9, 11 of each arm) |
| Change in serum insulin concentration | Blood will be drawn on the first test day (treatment day) at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2.5 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours | Blood draws will take place on the first, second, and fourth test day (days 8, 9, 11 of each arm) |
| Change in alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities of the carrots and carrot juice measured by enzyme activity assay | up to 1 month | Enzyme inhibition will be assessed using specific enzymatic assay kits for alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and results will be expressed as IC50 (% inhibition). |
| Change in alpha-amylase inhibition activities of the carrots and carrot juice measured by enzyme activity assay | up to 1 month | Enzyme inhibition will be assessed using specific enzymatic assay kits for alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, analyzed using ELISA, and results will be expressed as IC50 (% inhibition). |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed