Walk With Me for Perinatal Grief

Developed as part of the current study, 7 items were designed to measure the degree, on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly or somewhat disagree, 5 = strongly or somewhat agree) to which parents found the program helpful, acceptable, and suited to their needs. A mean score was computed across all items and could range from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater acceptability.

Time frame: Post-Treatment (8 weeks post loss)

11 items from the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) were assessed using a response option that ranged from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). Two mean scale scores were computed including nonacceptance of emotional response (6 items) and lack of emotional awareness (5 items). Scale score could range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating greater difficulty regulating emotions.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

11 items from the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) were assessed using a response option that ranged from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). Two mean scale scores were computed including nonacceptance of emotional response (6 items) and lack of emotional awareness (5 items). Scale score could range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating greater difficulty regulating emotions.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

The Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale is 12 items that asks about an individuals' experiences with perinatal loss. Items are on a four-point scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). Three mean scale scores are computed including reality (5 items), congruence (4 items), and ability to confront others (2 items). Scores can range from 1 to 4 and higher scores indicate greater levels of grief intensity.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

The Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale is 12 items that asks about an individuals' experiences with perinatal loss. Items are on a four-point scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). Three mean scale scores are computed including reality (5 items), congruence (4 items), and ability to confront others (2 items). Scores can range from 1 to 4 and higher scores indicate greater levels of grief intensity.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

The Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale is 12 items that asks about an individuals' experiences with perinatal loss. Items are on a four-point scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). Three mean scale scores are computed including reality (5 items), congruence (4 items), and ability to confront others (2 items). Scores can range from 1 to 4 and higher scores indicate greater levels of grief intensity.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

Three items that rate the bereaved parents' confidence in their ability to cope with grief, use knowledge of mindfulness skills to cope, and engage in positive behaviors to help coping. Scores are on a six-point scale (1 to 6) with a mean total score that ranges from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

6 items of experiences of care at the time of loss and follow-up appointments after loss. Responses on a 4-point scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) to indicate level of agreement. A means score was computed and could range from 1 to 4. Higher scores indicate more negative experiences.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

Program metrics on the backend of the program were used to track the total number of days the program was used.

Time frame: Access to the program through through the study completion which was on average 2-months.

Program metrics on the backend of the program were used to track the the total number of modules completed out of the 6 modules.

Time frame: Access to the program through through the study completion which was on average 2-months.

Impact of Event Scale-Revised includes 22 items on the past 7 days that represent symptoms of distress self-rated on a five-point scale: 0 indicates that the symptom occurs not at all; 1, a little bit; 2, moderately; 3, quite a bit; and 4, extremely. Participants will be instructed to relate the IES-R items specifically to the loss of their child. Three scale scores are computed including intrusions (8 items), avoidance (8 items) and hyperarousal (6 items). Each subscale ranges from 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating greater levels of distress/trauma.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

Impact of Event Scale-Revised includes 22 items on the past 7 days that represent symptoms of distress self-rated on a five-point scale: 0 indicates that the symptom occurs not at all; 1, a little bit; 2, moderately; 3, quite a bit; and 4, extremely. Participants will be instructed to relate the IES-R items specifically to the loss of their child. Three scale scores are computed including intrusions (8 items), avoidance (8 items) and hyperarousal (6 items). Each subscale ranges from 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating greater levels of distress/trauma.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) includes 22 items on the past 7 days that represent symptoms of distress self-rated on a five-point scale: 0 indicates that the symptom occurs not at all; 1, a little bit; 2, moderately; 3, quite a bit; and 4, extremely. Participants will be instructed to relate the IES-R items specifically to the loss of their child. Three scale scores are computed including intrusions (8 items), avoidance (8 items) and hyperarousal (6 items). Each subscale ranges from 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating greater levels of distress/trauma.

Time frame: Baseline (immediately following loss), 4 weeks and 8 weeks post loss

Population: There were 52 participants with pretest data, 48 with 4-weeks data, and 44 is 8-weeks data. Trajectories were estimated using maximum likelihood and thus, any participant with at least one data point was included in the analyses. Thus, all 52 participants were analyzed.

The System Usability Scale is commonly used 10-item scale that measures subjective perceptions of usability on a 5-point Likert-scale. The participant's scores for each question are converted to a new number, added together and then multiplied by 2.5 to convert the original scores of 0-40 to 0-100. Higher scores indicate the technology is more usable.

Time frame: Post-Treatment (8 weeks post loss)