Agitation, Emergence
Conditions
Keywords
Agitation, Emergence, Ketamine, Intramuscular, Nasal surgery
Brief summary
Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication after nasal surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of intramuscular ketamine on EA following septoplasty and open septorhinoplasty (OSRP) when administered at subanesthetic doses at the end of surgery. Sedation and Agitation scores were recorded using The Richmond agitation-sedation score after extubation.
Detailed description
At the end of surgery and immediately after the inhalational agent was discontinued, 2mL of normal saline containing 0.7 mg/kg racemic ketamine was administered intramuscularly to Group-K, whereas 2 mL of normal saline was administered intramuscularly to Group-S using a 3 ml syringe. The injection site of both groups was at the lateral thigh. For postoperative analgesia, 0.07 mg/kg morphine was also given when turning off the inhalational agent. A nasal pack was used in all of the patients. The patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen at a flow rate of 7 L/min. Once the patients met the extubation criteria, they were extubated. The EA level of the patients was evaluated immediately after extubation till the patient was handed over to the PACU using Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), Table 1, and the highest score was documented by the main investigators. In this study patients with a RASS score of +2 or more were considered to have EA.
Interventions
DRUGKetamine Hydrochloride
intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride at dose of 0.7 mg/kg at the time of turning the inhalational agent off
Sponsors
Jordanian Royal Medical Services
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Age group 18-64 years old 2. ASA I-II 3. BMI 20-29.9 4. Patients accepting the study and consenting 5. Undergoing general anesthesia for scheduled septoplasty or open septorhinoplasty.
Exclusion criteria
1. ketamine allergy 2. Morphine allergy 3. History of cardiac, neurological, or psychiatric disease, glaucoma, 4. Patients with a body mass index of less than 20 or more than 30 kg/m2
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Development of Agitation | immediately After extubation. | Using The Richmond agitation-sedation score. The score being from(-5) to (+4) ; 2 and more being agitated patients and less than 2 not agitated. |
Countries
Jordan
Outcome results
None listed