Inflammation
Conditions
Brief summary
Cooking oil fume (COF) is a significant source of PM2.5 for poorly ventilated space indoors and in urban streets near restaurants or night markets. Modern Chinese cooking produces high concentration of COF especially from deep-frying foods and stirred frying. Emission from high-temperature frying has been classified by the IARC as Group 2A carcinogen. Cooks are at high risk of exposure to toxic compounds from cooking fumes. However, more of the COF-related studies focused on the home kitchen and less addresses the problems in the restaurants. Studying health hazards and biomarkers of cooks may provide opportunities to understand biological mechanisms and to search and test efficacy for measures to overturn such risks. The investigators will recruit 80 cooks who handle deep-frying and stirred frying on daily basis. The 80 cooks will be randomized to 4 groups: (1) control, (2) vegetable and fruits extract (V&F) group, (3) fish oil group, and (4) V&F-fish oil group will be provided to the participants for 2 months V&F capsules (equivalent to 4 servings a day) and fish oil capsules (1\ 1.5 serving a day) and placebos of the same appearance. Heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary functions, bio-markers, oxylipins and metabolomics profile will be measured as outcomes.
Interventions
OTHERSoybean oil + Roasted wheat flour
Assign soybean oil capsule and roasted wheat flour
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTFish oil + Roasted wheat flour
Assign fish oil and roasted wheat flour
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTSoybean oil + Vegetable and fruit extracts
Assign soybean oil and vegetable and fruit extracts
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTFish oil + Vegetable and fruit extracts
Assign fish oil and vegetable and fruit extracts
Sponsors
Academia Sinica, Taiwan
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Exclusion criteria
1. Acute diseases in the past 2 weeks 2. Taking anti-oxidant supplements in the past month 3. Taking steroid or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as Aspirin and Panadol) in the past week 4. Under hormone replacement therapy 5. Cancer and other severe diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in oxidative stress marker | baseline and 2 months later | Change in urinary 8-OHdG for DNA damage |
| Change in HRV | baseline and 2 months later | Change in heart rate variability (HRV) |
| Change in pulmonary functions (TLC) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in TLC in L |
| Change in pulmonary functions (FVC) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in FVC in L |
| Change in pulmonary functions (FEV1) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in FEV1 in L |
| Change in pulmonary functions (PEF) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in PEF in L/sec |
| Change in pulmonary functions (FEF) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in FEF in L/sec |
| Change from baseline in concentrations of inflammatory markers | baseline and 2 months later | Inflammatory markers include IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-33, TNF- α, IFN-γ, CXCL1, CXCL9, and CXCL10 (IP-10) in blood |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in blood cholesterol markers | baseline and 2 months later | Blood cholesterol markers include HDL in mg/dL, LDL in mg/dL, TG in mg/dL and total cholesterol in mg/dL |
| Change in blood sugar (HbA1C) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in HbA1C in % |
| Change in blood sugar (glucose) | baseline and 2 months later | Change in glucose in mg/dL |
| Change in liver function | baseline and 2 months later | The markers of liver function include GOT in U/L and GPT in U/L |
| Change in kidney function | baseline and 2 months later | The markers of kidney function include creatinine in mg/dL, uric acid in mg/dL, BUN in mg/dL, microalbumin in mg/dL |
| Change in blood cell count | baseline and 2 months later | Blood cell count is measured by Completed Blood Count Test |
Contacts
Primary ContactShu-Haur Hsieh, MS
Backup ContactKuang-Mao Chiang, PhD
Outcome results
None listed