Healthy Males
Conditions
Keywords
gut microbiota, exercise, sauna bathing, intestinal barrier
Brief summary
Body temperature fluctuations induced by acute exercise bouts may influence the intestinal barrier with related effects on epithelial permeability, immune responses, and release of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota.
Detailed description
Untrained males aged 22±1.5 years were randomly assigned to exercise training (ET) with or without post-exercise sauna treatments (S). Participants in the group ET+S (n=8) exercised 60 minutes, 3 times per week, on a bicycle ergometer followed by a 30-minute dry Finish sauna treatment. The control group (ET, n=7) engaged in the same exercise training program without the sauna treatments. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after the 4-week training program. Blood samples were analysed for the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and complete blood counts. Stool samples were analysed for pH, quantitative and qualitative measures of targeted bacteria and fungi, zonulin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. This study evaluated the effects of post-exercise sauna bathing in young men undergoing endurance training on gut bacteria inflammation and intestinal barrier function. Investigators hypothesized that sauna bathing applied immediately after a physical training session may impact homeostatic control of the gut microbiota and the function of the intestinal barrier.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTThe exercise 60 minutes, 3 times per week, on a bicycle ergometer followed by a 30-minute dry Finish sauna treatment.
Participants in the group ET+S (n=8) exercised 60 minutes, 3 times per week, on a bicycle ergometer followed by a 30-minute dry Finish sauna treatment.Blood and stool samples were collected before and after the 4-week training program.
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTThe same exercise training program without the sauna treatments
The control group (ET, n=7) engaged in the same exercise training program without the sauna treatments. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after the 4-week training program.
Sponsors
David C. Nieman
Tomasz Cisoń
Joanna Szurkowska
Mirosława Gałęcka
Dariusz Sitkowski
Zbigniew Szyguła
Poznan University of Physical Education
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
This study used a randomized, parallel group design. The participants were randomly assigned to exercise training (ET) without or with post-exercise sauna treatments (ET+S) by using a permuted blocks of block size 4. design with a computer.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* absence of medical contraindications such as epilepsy,addiction to medicines, alcohol and drugs, cancer, blood clotting disorders, * no infections in the last 4 weeks prior to the study, * no injuries in the last 4 weeks prior to the study.
Exclusion criteria
* the intake of antibiotics, steroids, oral antifungal agents (except for topical antifungals), antiparasitic agents, pre- and/or probiotics, * history of travel to tropical countries during the last 4 weeks before the study, * history of adverse responses to sauna bathing.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzi of the genus Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila of the genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium spp. of the genus Actinobacteria and Bacteroides spp. of the genus Bacteroidetes at 4 weeks. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | Bacterial DNA was isolated from stool samples using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Danish). The anaerobic bacteria were determined by Real-Time PCR with appropriate primers (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA).The results of quantitative bacterial analysis were converted to the decimal logarithm (Log10). The entire Real-Time PCR methodology was developed and validated by the Institute of Microecology in Herborn, Germany |
| Change from the concentrations of sIgA (marker of mucosal immunity), and zonulin (marker of intestinal permeability) in stool at 4 weeks. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | Secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in stool samples were determined with the Secretory IgA test (ImmuChrom GmbH, Heppenheim, Germany). Zonulin concentrations were assessed using the IKD Zonulin ELISA Kit (Immunodiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany). |
| Change from the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at 4 weeks. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | The concentration of hsCRP was measured by immunoenzymatic assay using a commercially available kit (DRG International Inc., Springfield Township, NJ, USA). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from the white blood cell counts (WBC) and subsets at 4 weeks. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | Blood samples (approx. 2 ml) were taken from the antecubital vein.Complete blood count indices were determined by flow cytometry with a Synergy 2 SIAFRT analyser (Bio Tek, Winooski, VT, USA). |
| Change feom cardio-respiratory measures at 4 weeks. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was assessed with MetaMax 3B analyzer (Cortex, Germany) using a graded exercise test (GXT) with a cycloergometer Cyclus2 (Avantronic, Germany). |
Countries
Poland
Outcome results
None listed