Atrial Fibrillation
Conditions
Keywords
Atrial Fibrillation, Direct oral anticoagulants, Edoxaban, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban
Brief summary
National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance recommends anticoagulation for stroke prevention in high risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Early evidence suggest that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who do not receive anticoagulation are more likely to experience a stroke. However, the characteristics of patients experiencing a first AF-related stroke in real-world settings, who have not been receiving anticoagulation, have not been well documented. It is unclear how the direct anti-FXa oral anticoagulants have been used within real world practice since the introduction of edoxaban in 2015.
Detailed description
This non-interventional study will focus specifically on the patient characteristics, management pathways, and patient reported experiences associated with real world use of three direct anti-FXa oral anticoagulants (DOAC) commonly used within United Kingdom clinical practice; apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban. The primary objective will describe the demographics, clinical characteristics and medical history of patients presenting with a first ischaemic stroke with AF who have not received anticoagulation (for any reason) in the 12 months prior to stroke, by type of anticoagulant treatment subsequently prescribed for secondary prophylaxis of stroke. Secondary objectives of the study will describe management pathways of patients initiated on DOACs (apixaban, edoxaban or rivaroxaban) for secondary prophylaxis of stroke, including timing and reasons for any dose changes or treatment switches to alternative anticoagulants; describe hospital resource use and clinical assessments associated with DOAC treatment for secondary prophylaxis of stroke; describe real world patient-reported adherence to DOACs for secondary prophylaxis of stroke; and describe patient experience and treatment satisfaction for patients receiving DOAC therapy for secondary prophylaxis of stroke.
Interventions
DRUGEdoxaban
This was a non-interventional, observational study. No drug was administered in this study.
DRUGApixaban
This was a non-interventional, observational study. No drug was administered in this study.
DRUGRivaroxaban
This was a non-interventional, observational study. No drug was administered in this study.
Sponsors
Daiichi Sankyo UK Ltd, a Daiichi Sankyo Company
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
\- For all patients: * Participants presenting to the study centre with a first ischaemic stroke which is, in the clinician's opinion, attributable to nonvalvular AF * Participants aged 18 years or over at time of first stroke For group 2 patients: \* Participants initiated on apixaban, edoxaban or rivaroxaban after their first stroke
Exclusion criteria
* For all patients: * Participants prescribed any anticoagulant for any purpose in the 12 months prior to stroke diagnosis * Participants with haemorrhagic stroke * Participants with diagnosis of transient ischemic attack * Participants with severe cognitive or emotive deficit * Participants whose medical records are not available for review * Participant unwilling or unable to give written informed consent * For group 2 patients: * Participant unwilling or unable to complete the patient-reported questionnaires
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean CHA2DS2-VASc Risk Scores In Participants Presenting With A First Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Who Have Not Received Anticoagulation Within 12 Months Prior to Stroke | 12 month period prior to the date of diagnosis of a first ischaemic stroke attributable to nonvalvular AF | CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores range from 0-9, where a score of 0 is low risk of stroke, 1 is moderate, and any score above 1 is a high risk. Scores will be calculated based on relevant demographic and clinical data recorded in medical notes for pre-index observation period. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke Severity In Participants Presenting With A First Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Who Have Not Received Anticoagulation Within 12 Months Prior to Stroke | Approximately 12 month period prior to the date of diagnosis of a first ischaemic stroke attributable to nonvalvular AF | Stroke severity will be assessed by NIHSS classification (mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe), Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project Score, classification based on CT scan, and opinion of treating clinician. |
| Number of Participants With Relevant Cardiovascular and Related Non-Cardiovascular Conditions In Participants Presenting With A First Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Not Received Anticoagulation Within 12 Months Prior to Stroke | Approximately 12 month period prior to the date of diagnosis of a first ischaemic stroke attributable to nonvalvular AF | Cardiovascular and related non-cardiovascular events, such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, vascular disease (peripheral artery disease, previous myocardial infarction, aortic plaque), diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, renal failure, hepatic failure, coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, reduced ejection fraction, liver disease, and other, will be assessed. |
| Number of Participants Receiving Concomitant Medications At Time of First Stroke and Newly Prescribed Within 1 Month After Stroke | Approximately 12 month period prior to the date of diagnosis of a first ischaemic stroke attributable to nonvalvular AF | Concomitant medications may include: beta blockers, diuretics, antiplatelet agents (e.g. aspirin), ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) inhibitors, ATII-receptor antagonists, statins, ASA (acetylsalicylic acid), and P-gp (P-glycoprotein) inhibitors. |
| Type of First Anticoagulant Medication Prescribed After Stroke In Participants Presenting With A First Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Not Received Anticoagulation Within 12 Months Prior to Stroke | Within 1 month after stroke | Anticoagulant medications may include apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, warfarin, dabigatran, and other. |
| Time From Stroke to First Dose of Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | From stroke to first dose of DOAC, up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | The time from stroke to first dose of anticoagulant medication will be assessed. |
| Time to Discontinuation of First Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Treatment in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | Up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | The time to discontinuation of anticoagulant medication will be assessed. |
| Mean Time from Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Diagnosis Until Stroke In Participants Presenting With A First Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Not Received Anticoagulation Within 12 Months Prior to Stroke | Approximately 12 month period prior to the date of diagnosis of a first ischaemic stroke attributable to nonvalvular AF | The time from AF diagnosis until stroke will be assessed. |
| Number of Secondary Care Visits in 6 Months Post-first Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Dose in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | Up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | Secondary visits will include inpatient, outpatient, and accident and emergency. |
| Duration of Inpatient Stays in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | Up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | The length of inpatient hospital stays will be assessed. |
| Mean Absolute Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) Score After First Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Dose in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | Up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) range from 0 to 8, where higher scores indicate medication adherence and lower scores indicate nonadherence. Medication adherence will be assessed at 3 and 6 months. |
| Number of Participants Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Medication Within Past 7 Days in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | Within past 7 days | Anticoagulant medication may include apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, warfarin, dabigatran, and other. DOAC medication will be assessed at 3 and 6 months. |
| Mean Absolute Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Score Post-first Direct Oral Anticoagulant Dose | Up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) domain scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores representing higher satisfaction on that domain. Treatment satisfaction will be assessed at 3 and 6 months. |
| Number of Participants Receiving Clinical Assessments in Participants Who Are Initiated on Apixaban, Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban | Up to 6 months after date of first dose of DOAC | Clinical assessments may include weight, coagulation screens (international normalized ratio), full blood count (FBC), urea and electrolyte tests (U&E), renal function and liver function tests (alanine transaminase \[ALT\], aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\], alkaline phosphatase \[ALP\], albumin and bilirubin tests) as well as other neurological, heart or functional assessments (thyroid function tests, blood pressure, 12 lead ECG/EKG including heart rate, echocardiography and relevant imaging CT scan, ultrasound, MRI and PET scans. |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed