Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease
Conditions
Brief summary
Finerenone works by blocking a group of proteins, called mineralocorticoid receptor. An increased stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptor is known to trigger injury and inflammation in the kidney and is therefore thought to play a role in CKD. Empagliflozin lowers blood sugar levels by increasing the excretion of glucose from the blood into the urine. In this study, the researchers want to learn how well the combination of finerenone and empagliflozin helps to slow down the worsening of the participants' kidney function compared to either treatment alone. For this, the level of protein in the urine will be measured. The investigators also want to know how safe the combination is compared to either treatment alone. Depending on the treatment group, the participants will either take the combination of finerenone and empagliflozin, or finerenone together with a placebo, or empagliflozin together with a placebo, once a day as tablets by mouth. A placebo looks like a treatment but does not have any medicine in it. Importantly, the participants will also continue to take their other current medicine for CKD and T2D. The participants will be in the study for up to 7.5 months and will take the study treatments for 6 months. During the study, participants will visit the study site 7 times. The study team will: * collect blood and urine samples * check the participants' vital signs * do a physical examination including height and weight * check the participants' heart health by using an electrocardiogram (ECG) * monitor the participants' blood pressure * ask the participants questions about how they are feeling and what adverse events they may be having An adverse event is any problem that happens during the trial. Doctors keep track of all events that happen in trials, even if they do not think the events might be related to the study treatments.
Interventions
DRUGFinerenone (BAY94-8862 ) 10 mg
oral administration, once daily if screening eGFR (Estimated glomerular filtration rate) results are: \<60 mL/min/1.73 m2
DRUGEmpagliflozin
oral administration, once daily
Matching placebo to empagliflozin oral administration, once daily
DRUGFinerenone (BAY94-8862 ) 20 mg
oral administration, once daily if screening eGFR (Estimated glomerular filtration rate) results are: ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2
Matching Placebo to Finerenone oral administration once daily
Sponsors
Bayer
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participant with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the following: * In Part A: eGFR 40-90 ml/min/1.73m\^2 (with no more than 20% having an eGFR \>75 ml/min/1.73m\^2) using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD EPI) formula at screening visit and at least one historical value of eGFR \<60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 within 3 months or have a registered diagnosis of CKD. * In Part B: eGFR 30-90 ml/min/1.73m\^2 (with no more than 20% having an eGFR \>75 ml/min/1.73m\^2) using CKD-EPI formula at screening visit and at least one historical value of eGFR \<60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 within 3 months or have a registered diagnostic of CKD. * 100 ≤UACR \<5000 mg/g at screening visit (mean value from 3 morning void samples) and documentation of albuminuria/proteinuria (quantitative or semi-quantitative measurement) in the participant's medical records at least 3 months prior to screening * Participant with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2021), with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at screening \<11%. * Participant treated with the clinically maximum tolerated dose, as per investigator judgment, of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), but not both, for more than 1 month at screening visit.
Exclusion criteria
* Participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D). * Participant with hepatic insufficiency classified as Child-Pugh C. * Participant with blood pressure at Day 1 visit (Visit 2) higher than 160 systolic blood pressure (SBP) or 100 diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or SBP lower than 90 mmHg. * Participant currently treated with a sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) or SGLT-1/2i or who received a SGLT2i or SGLT-1/2i which cannot be discontinued at least 8 weeks prior to the screening visit and during study intervention treatment. * Participant treated with another mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) (e.g., eplerenone, esaxerenone, spironolactone, canrenone), a renin inhibitor, potassium supplements, a potassium sparing diuretic (e.g., amiloride, triamterene), a potassium binder agent, or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) which cannot be discontinued at least 8 weeks prior to the screening visit and during study intervention treatment. * Participants currently treated or who were treated with Finerenone (Kerendia©) within 8 weeks prior to the screening visit. * Participant with serum/plasma potassium (K+) above 4.8 mmol/L at screening visit (central laboratory value).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Relative change from baseline in UACR at 180 days in combination therapy group versus empagliflozin alone | Up to 180 days | Urinary albumin to-creatinine ratio (UACR) |
| Relative change from baseline in UACR at 180 days in combination therapy group versus finerenone alone | Up to 180 days | — |
| Mean ratio of change from baseline to Day 180 in UACR for the combination therapy group, to empagliflozin alone | Upto 180 days | — |
| Mean ratio of change from baseline to Day 180 in UACR for the combination therapy group, to finerenone alone | Up to 180 days | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| eGFR decline greater than 30% at 30 days from baseline | Up to 30 days | — |
| Ratio of change in eGFR at 180 days and 210 days from Day 30 | Up to 210 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with of acute kidney injury (AKI) events | Up to 180 days | AKI is defined as any of the following: * An increase in serum creatinine by greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours; or * An increase in serum creatinine by greater than or equal to 1.5 times baseline, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days; or * A urine volume less than 0.5 ml/kg/h for 6 hours |
| Total number of AKI events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with hyperkalemia events (moderate hyperkalemia [5.5 <K+ ≤6.0 mmol/L], severe hyperkalemia [K+ >6.0 mmol/L]) | Up to 180 days | serum/plasma potassium (k+) |
| Total number of hyperkalemia events (moderate hyperkalemia [5.5 <K+ ≤6.0 mmol/L], severe hyperkalemia [K+ >6.0 mmol/L]) | Up to 180 days | — |
| Change from baseline in K+ | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with severe hypoglycemia events | Up to 180 days | Severe hypoglycemia is defined as glucose level of \<3.0 mmol/L (\<54 mg/dL). |
| Total number of events of severe hypoglycemia events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Relative change in UACR between end of treatment visit (Day 180) and 30 days after end of treatment visit (Day 210) | Up to 210 days | — |
| Total number of symptomatic hypotension events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with genital mycotic events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Total number of genital mycotic events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with ketoacidosis events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Total number of ketoacidosis events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Total number of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with urosepsis and pyelonephritis events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Total number of urosepsis and pyelonephritis events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Proportion of participants with symptomatic hypotension events | Up to 180 days | — |
| Relative change in UACR between 30 days after end of treatment visit (Day 210) and baseline (Day 1) | Up to 210 days | — |
| Relative change in UACR category (>30%, >40%, >50%) at 180 days | Up to 180 days | — |
| Ratio of change from baseline in eGFR at 30 days | Up to 30 days | estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF) |
Countries
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, United States
Outcome results
None listed