Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
competition, exercise, bicycling, aging, virtual reality
Brief summary
This study has four objectives about healthy younger and older adults during immersive virtual reality bicycling: Determine the effect of visual feedback and competition for younger healthy adults during virtual bicycling on user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, and neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity Determine the effect of visual feedback and competition for older healthy adults during virtual bicycling on user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, and neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity Compare younger and older during visual feedback and competition bicycling in terms of: user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity Determine if attention differs in visual feedback bicycling compared to competition bicycling for younger and older healthy adults
Detailed description
Participants will attend one session lasting about 1.5 hours. They will complete a competitiveness assessment and a questionnaire about physical activity. They will then exercise in three different virtual reality augmented bicycling conditions while wearing a head mounted display (goggles). Each of the three conditions will last approximately 5 minutes and will be followed by questionnaires about the participant's experience.
Interventions
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session (see arm/group description).
Sponsors
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 21-75 years old, * Able to ride a stationary upright bicycle, * Able to sign informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
* Have a recent history of severe heart disease, severe lung disease, uncontrolled diabetes, traumatic brain injury or any other neurological disorder * Are unable to follow directions or sign a consent form, * Do not have adequate vision or hearing ability to see or hear a television, * Have unstable medical condition or musculoskeletal disorder such as severe arthritis, recent knee surgery, hip surgery, or any other condition that the investigators determine would impair the ability to ride the bicycle, * Have any other medical condition that prevents bicycling, * Have moderate depression (score of 10 or more on PHQ-9 screening tool)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Self-Competition | Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout | 3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz) |
| Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Other-Competition | Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout | 3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz) |
| Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Feedback | Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout | Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz) |
| Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Self-Competition | Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout | Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz) |
| Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Other-Competition | Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout | Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz) |
| Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Feedback | Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute feedback bout | Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation. |
| Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Self-Competition | Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute self-competition bout | Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation. |
| Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Other-Competition | Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute other-competition bout | Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation. |
| Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Feedback | Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout | Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz) |
| Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Self-Competition | Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout | Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz) |
| Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Other-Competition | Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout | Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz) |
| Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Feedback | Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout | 3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Audio recordings of exercise experience | Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling condition | Once, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked about their exercise experience. Their responses will be audio recorded to be coded and analyzed qualitatively for themes. |
| Ranking of Enjoyment | Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling condition | Once, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked which of the 3 bicycling conditions they liked the best. They will rank the 3 conditions with a score from 1-3, with a 1 indicating the condition they liked the best and a 3 indicating the condition they liked the least. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (start) | Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (middle) | Session 1 -At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (start) | Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (middle) | Session 1 - At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (end) | Session 1 - At the endpoint (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (end) | Session 1 -At the end (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (start) | Session 1 -Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute other-competition bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (middle) | Session 1 -At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute other-competition bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (end) | Session 1 -At the end (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute other-competition bout | Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion. |
| Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory) | Session 1 - Collected once at start of session | Measured once using the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory consisting of 12 items from 4 subscales (hyper competitive, self-developmental, anxious, lack of interest) For each subscale, mean scores range from 1-6 with higher scores representing higher levels of that subscale metric. |
| Ranking of Perceived Effort | Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling condition | Once, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked in which of the 3 bicycling conditions they felt they worked the hardest. They will rank the 3 conditions with a score from 1-3, with a 1 indicating the condition in which they felt they worked the hardest and a 3 indicating the condition in which they felt they worked the least hard. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | Collected once at start of the session | The IPAQ is a 27-item questionnaire to measure levels of physical activity. There are 4 main domains of physical activity related to: occupation, transportation, housework, leisure activity. Scores range from 0-19,278 with higher scores representing higher levels of physical activity over the past 7 days. |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | Collected once during screening | The PHQ-9 is a 9-item questionnaire to rate depression (scored from 0-27 with a lower score indicating lower levels of depression). |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed