Opioid Use, Pain, Post Operative
Conditions
Keywords
Joint replacement surgery, Post operative pain management, Neuro capacitor
Brief summary
Opioid addiction in post-operative patients is recognized but not fully understood; therefore, in order to address this growing crisis, it is essential to explore alternative approaches to managing pain and apply them to the surgical population. One potential non-opioid method of pain relief is the use of the nCAP Nano Patch, placed topically on the site of pain. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in reducing the perioperative opioid requirement in patients undergoing primary unilateral total hip or knee replacement surgery.
Detailed description
After signing an informed consent, subjects will complete the PROMIS Emotional Distress - Anxiety - Short Form 8a before completing any other questionnaires. Subjects who have a raw score \<19 will be enrolled in the study. Any subject who scores ≥ 19 will be considered a screen failure and excluded from the study. Once the subject is enrolled, in the pre-operative holding area they will be asked to complete the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the PROMIS® Emotional Distress-Depression - Short Form 8a, and the PROMIS® Item Bank v1.0 - Sleep- Disturbance - Short Form 8a prior to surgery. The subject will also conduct a baseline functionality test to assess mobility and strength in their leg. The functional recovery will be assessed by determining the patient ability to walk 100 feet, go up 5 steps and raise their leg on the day of surgery. Scores can be 0 (no ability to raise the leg), 1 (some ability to raise the leg), and 2 (complete ability to raise the leg). These assessments will take approximately 15 minutes to complete. Once these assessments are completed, subjects will be equally randomized to the intervention group (nCAP Signal Relief Patch + standard of care) or control group (standard of care). Both the control group and intervention group will receive approved ERAS multimodal standard of care. Only the interventional group will receive an nCAP Signal Relief Patch. Randomization will occur by assigning the participant a subject ID number, and this ID number will correspond to a treatment allocation based on a pre-designed randomization schema. Subjects will undergo surgery using the approved ERAS anesthetic and post-operative pain management protocols. After surgery, the subjects randomized to the intervention group will have the nCAP Signal Relief patch applied to their surgical dressing by a trained researcher in the immediate Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Subjects will be made aware at the time of consent and throughout the trial that they can drop out of the study at any time if they do not like wearing the nCAP Signal Relief Patch. The control group will not receive a patch but will receive the standard of care ERAS protocol. Subjects in the intervention group will be instructed to keep the nCAP Signal Relief Patch on their surgical dressing to avoid the risk for skin irritation. Pain using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at rest and with movement as well as opioid requirement will be assessed in the PACU and daily until discharge. Subjects assigned to the intervention group should keep the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in place for 72 hours on their surgical dressing and they will be instructed to remove it at home. Once the subject is discharged, they will be contacted via email (REDCAP survey) on post-operative day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 to record postoperative opioid consumption, non-opioid consumption, NRS pain at rest and with movement, pain catastrophizing (via Pain Catastrophizing Scale) sleep quality (via PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8a) and to assess functional recovery. Functional recovery will be assessed by determining the patient ability to walk 100 feet, go up 5 steps and raise their leg on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 as well as the pain associated with it. Patient satisfaction with pain management after surgery will be assessed at the 30 day follow up (0- least satisfied to 10-most satisfied). Subjects who are contacted via REDCap to complete follow-up questionnaires and do not complete them on the day they are assigned will be contacted via telephone for a reminder. They will be considered lost to follow up after 3 phone attempts. Information will be collected from the medical record, including: patient demographics, medical history, medication summary while in the hospital, as well as progress notes from the entire encounter to determine the existence of adverse events.
Interventions
DEVICEnCAP Signal Relief Patch
nCAP Signal Relief Patch post-operatively applied to the subject's surgical dressing by a trained researcher in the immediate Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
OTHERStandard of Care
Subjects will undergo surgery using the approved ERAS anesthetic and post-operative pain management protocols. At Shadyside Hospital, the ERAS Protocol for these subjects involves preoperative meloxicam 15mg PO, gabapentin 300mg PO, acetaminophen 1g PO. Intra-operative, patients receive a spinal block (bupivacaine) and propofol IV sedation. Postoperative pain medication is titrated to the individual patient's level of pain (0-10). 0.2 mg IV hydromorphone can be given for breakthrough pain, oxycodone 5mg PO for moderate pain (4-6) and oxycodone 10 mg PO for severe pain (7-10). Ketorolac 15 mg IV is given Q6H during the hospital stay. Discharge medication may be Norco 5-325mg as prescribed by the surgeon.
Sponsors
nCap Medical
Jacques E. Chelly
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Intervention model description
Single-center prospective, randomized, open label trial involving patients undergoing unilateral hip replacement and patients undergoing unilateral knee replacement that score \<19 on the PROMIS Emotional Distress - Anxiety - Short Form 8a
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* \>18 years of age * Scheduled for elective primary unilateral hip or knee replacement
Exclusion criteria
* Active clinical depression, anxiety or catastrophizing * Raw score \>19 on PROMIS Emotional Distress - Anxiety - Short Form 8a * Active alcoholism (defined as daily use of more than 1 liter of wine and/or 3 or more shots of hard liquor) or drug abuse (defined as daily use of illicit drugs) * Severe chronic pain condition that requires daily preoperative opioid dependence * Total surgery revision, bilateral hip or nee replacement, other procedures under the same anesthetic
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in Affecting Perioperative Opioid Requirement | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | The primary endpoint will be to prospectively investigate the efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in reducing perioperative opioid requirement in opioid-naïve patients undergoing primary unilateral total hip or knee replacement surgery using currently SHY ERAS anesthesia protocol. This is reported in consumption of oral morphine mg equivalents (OME) from the day of surgery up to day 30 post-operative. Opioid requirement will be estimated following the placement of the patch. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | Post-operative emotional distress related to anxiety will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress -Anxiety- Short Form 8a questionnaire. There are 8 questions about how the participants may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for anxiety. For the adult PROMIS Anxiety 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged. |
| Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Depression | Screening visit | Pre-operative emotional distress related to depression will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress-Depression-Short Form questionnaire prior to surgery. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for depression. For the adult PROMIS Depression 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged. |
| Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Depression | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | Post-operative emotional distress related to depression will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress-Depression-Short Form questionnaire. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for depression. For the adult PROMIS Depression 7a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged. |
| Pre-operative Sleep Disturbance | Screening visit | Pre-operative sleep disturbance will be measured by assessment of the participant's answers to the PROMIS item Bank v1.0 - Sleep Disturbance - Short Form 8a. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt about their sleep quality in the past 7 days. The scale for 1 question is very poor in the past 7 days to very good in the past 7 days. Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for sleep disturbance. For the adult PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged. |
| Post-operative Change in Sleep Disturbance | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | Post-operative sleep disturbance will be measured by assessment of the participant's answers to the PROMIS item Bank v1.0 - Sleep Disturbance - Short Form 8a. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt about their sleep quality in the past 7 days. The scale for 1 question is very poor in the past 7 days to very good in the past 7 days. Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for sleep disturbance. For the adult PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged. |
| Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety | Screening visit | Pre-operative emotional distress related to anxiety will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress -Anxiety- Short Form 8a questionnaire prior to surgery. There are 8 questions about how the participants may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for anxiety. For the adult PROMIS Anxiety 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged. |
| Average Score of Functionality Post-Operative | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | Functionality post-operative is assessed by asking the patient the following 3 questions: 1. Are you able to walk 100 feet (No=0, or Yes = 1), 2. Are you able to move up to five steps (No=0, or Yes = 1), and 3. Are you able to raise your leg (No = 0, some = 1, completely = 2). The total score could vary from 0 to 4. |
| Pre-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale | Screening visit | Pre-operative pain ratings will be measured by the assessment of the participant's answers to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaire. There are 14 statements related to pain that participants will record experiencing on a scale of 0 being experienced not at all to 4 being experienced all of the time. The lowest possible score is 0 and the highest possible score is 56. Higher scores present a worse outcome. |
| Change in Post-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | Post-operative pain ratings will be measured by the assessment of the participant's answers to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaire. There are 14 statements related to pain that participants will record experiencing on a scale of 0 being experienced not at all to 4 being experienced all of the time. The lowest possible score is 0 and the highest possible score is 56. Higher scores present a worse outcome |
| Length of Hospital Stay | Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative | Evaluate time to hospital discharge from out of OR time. This outcome measure will be measured via averaged hours to hospital discharge. |
| Change in Post-operative Pain Using a Numerical Rating Scale | Days 1-30 post-operative | Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain scores on a scale from 0-10, with 0 being no pain, 5 being moderate pain and 10 being the worst imaginable pain. The outcome measure is an area under the curve from POD 1 to POD 30, with the unit of pain per day being measure 0-300 (scale of 0-10 for 30 days). |
| Average Score of Functionality at Baseline | Screening visit | Functionality at baseline is assessed by asking the patient the following 3 questions: 1. Are you able to walk 100 feet (No=0, or Yes = 1), 2. Are you able to move up to five steps (No=0, or Yes = 1), and 3. Are you able to raise your leg (No = 0, some = 1, completely = 2). The total score could vary from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate better functional status. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS Participants will have the nCAP Signal Relief Patch and complete Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) standard of care. After surgery, the subjects randomized to the intervention group will have the nCAP Signal Relief patch applied to their surgical dressing by a trained researcher in the immediate Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU).
nCAP Signal Relief Patch: nCAP Signal Relief Patch post-operatively applied to the subject's surgical dressing by a trained researcher in the immediate Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
Standard of Care: Subjects will undergo surgery using the approved ERAS anesthetic and post-operative pain management protocols. At Shadyside Hospital, the ERAS Protocol for these subjects involves preoperative meloxicam 15mg PO, gabapentin 300mg PO, acetaminophen 1g PO. Intra-operative, patients receive a spinal block (bupivacaine) and propofol IV sedation. Postoperative pain medication is titrated to the individual patient's level of pain (0-10). 0.2 mg IV hydromorphone can be given for breakthrough pain, oxycodone 5mg PO for moderate pain (4-6) and oxycodone 10 mg PO for severe pain (7-10). Ketorolac 15 mg IV is given Q6H during the hospital stay. Discharge medication may be Norco 5-325mg as prescribed by the surgeon. | 38 |
| ERAS Alone Participants randomized into the control group will receive complete Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) standard of care and no nCAP patch.
Standard of Care: Subjects will undergo surgery using the approved ERAS anesthetic and post-operative pain management protocols. At Shadyside Hospital, the ERAS Protocol for these subjects involves preoperative meloxicam 15mg PO, gabapentin 300mg PO, acetaminophen 1g PO. Intra-operative, patients receive a spinal block (bupivacaine) and propofol IV sedation. Postoperative pain medication is titrated to the individual patient's level of pain (0-10). 0.2 mg IV hydromorphone can be given for breakthrough pain, oxycodone 5mg PO for moderate pain (4-6) and oxycodone 10 mg PO for severe pain (7-10). Ketorolac 15 mg IV is given Q6H during the hospital stay. Discharge medication may be Norco 5-325mg as prescribed by the surgeon. | 31 |
| Total | 69 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | nCAP + ERAS | ERAS Alone | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 27 Participants | 22 Participants | 49 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 11 Participants | 9 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 68 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 | 69.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 | 68.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 |
| BMI | 31.4 Kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 | 30.9 Kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 | 31.2 Kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 37 Participants | 31 Participants | 68 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Functional Recovery Test | 3.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 | 3.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 | 3.6 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 |
| Height | 170.0 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 | 169.0 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.5 | 169.5 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.3 |
| Pain Catastrophizing scale | 5.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 | 6.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.4 | 6.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 |
| PROMIS - Anxiety questionnaire | 48 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 | 44.1 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 | 46.2 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 |
| PROMIS - Emotional Distress - Depression questionnaire | 41.9 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 | 40.4 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 | 41.3 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.2 |
| PROMIS - Sleep Disturbance questionnaire | 51.4 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 | 47.4 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.3 | 49.6 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 35 Participants | 25 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 38 participants | 31 participants | 69 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 18 Participants | 12 Participants | 30 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 20 Participants | 19 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Surgery Type Total Hip Arthroplasty | 7 Participants | 2 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Surgery Type Total Knee Arthroplasty | 31 Participants | 29 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Weight | 89.9 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 | 89.1 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.8 | 89.6 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.2 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 38 | 0 / 31 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 38 | 0 / 31 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 38 | 0 / 31 |
Outcome results
Primary
Efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in Affecting Perioperative Opioid Requirement
The primary endpoint will be to prospectively investigate the efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in reducing perioperative opioid requirement in opioid-naïve patients undergoing primary unilateral total hip or knee replacement surgery using currently SHY ERAS anesthesia protocol. This is reported in consumption of oral morphine mg equivalents (OME) from the day of surgery up to day 30 post-operative. Opioid requirement will be estimated following the placement of the patch.
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in Affecting Perioperative Opioid Requirement | 82.1 MME | Standard Deviation 80.3 |
| ERAS Alone | Efficacy of the nCAP Signal Relief Patch in Affecting Perioperative Opioid Requirement | 102.6 MME | Standard Deviation 74 |
Secondary
Average Score of Functionality at Baseline
Functionality at baseline is assessed by asking the patient the following 3 questions: 1. Are you able to walk 100 feet (No=0, or Yes = 1), 2. Are you able to move up to five steps (No=0, or Yes = 1), and 3. Are you able to raise your leg (No = 0, some = 1, completely = 2). The total score could vary from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate better functional status.
Time frame: Screening visit
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Average Score of Functionality at Baseline | 3.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
| ERAS Alone | Average Score of Functionality at Baseline | 3.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
Secondary
Average Score of Functionality Post-Operative
Functionality post-operative is assessed by asking the patient the following 3 questions: 1. Are you able to walk 100 feet (No=0, or Yes = 1), 2. Are you able to move up to five steps (No=0, or Yes = 1), and 3. Are you able to raise your leg (No = 0, some = 1, completely = 2). The total score could vary from 0 to 4.
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Average Score of Functionality Post-Operative | 2.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.2 |
| ERAS Alone | Average Score of Functionality Post-Operative | 2.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.1 |
Secondary
Change in Post-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Post-operative pain ratings will be measured by the assessment of the participant's answers to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaire. There are 14 statements related to pain that participants will record experiencing on a scale of 0 being experienced not at all to 4 being experienced all of the time. The lowest possible score is 0 and the highest possible score is 56. Higher scores present a worse outcome
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Change in Post-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| ERAS Alone | Change in Post-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 4.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.3 |
Secondary
Change in Post-operative Pain Using a Numerical Rating Scale
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain scores on a scale from 0-10, with 0 being no pain, 5 being moderate pain and 10 being the worst imaginable pain. The outcome measure is an area under the curve from POD 1 to POD 30, with the unit of pain per day being measure 0-300 (scale of 0-10 for 30 days).
Time frame: Days 1-30 post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Change in Post-operative Pain Using a Numerical Rating Scale | 59.4 Scores X Day | Standard Deviation 41.6 |
| ERAS Alone | Change in Post-operative Pain Using a Numerical Rating Scale | 101.5 Scores X Day | Standard Deviation 75.8 |
Secondary
Length of Hospital Stay
Evaluate time to hospital discharge from out of OR time. This outcome measure will be measured via averaged hours to hospital discharge.
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Length of Hospital Stay | 31.72 hours | Standard Deviation 22 |
| ERAS Alone | Length of Hospital Stay | 40.85 hours | Standard Deviation 36.23 |
Secondary
Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety
Post-operative emotional distress related to anxiety will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress -Anxiety- Short Form 8a questionnaire. There are 8 questions about how the participants may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for anxiety. For the adult PROMIS Anxiety 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged.
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety | 9.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.31 |
| ERAS Alone | Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety | 9.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.93 |
Secondary
Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Depression
Post-operative emotional distress related to depression will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress-Depression-Short Form questionnaire. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for depression. For the adult PROMIS Depression 7a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged.
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Depression | 42.25 T-score | Standard Deviation 6.78 |
| ERAS Alone | Post-operative Change in Emotional Distress Related to Depression | 41.78 T-score | Standard Deviation 6.48 |
Secondary
Post-operative Change in Sleep Disturbance
Post-operative sleep disturbance will be measured by assessment of the participant's answers to the PROMIS item Bank v1.0 - Sleep Disturbance - Short Form 8a. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt about their sleep quality in the past 7 days. The scale for 1 question is very poor in the past 7 days to very good in the past 7 days. Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for sleep disturbance. For the adult PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged.
Time frame: Day of surgery up to 30 days post-operative
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Post-operative Change in Sleep Disturbance | 49.86 T-score | Standard Deviation 8.81 |
| ERAS Alone | Post-operative Change in Sleep Disturbance | 49.11 T-score | Standard Deviation 9.12 |
Secondary
Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety
Pre-operative emotional distress related to anxiety will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress -Anxiety- Short Form 8a questionnaire prior to surgery. There are 8 questions about how the participants may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for anxiety. For the adult PROMIS Anxiety 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged.
Time frame: Screening visit
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety | 48.0 T-score | Standard Deviation 6 |
| ERAS Alone | Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Anxiety | 44.1 T-score | Standard Deviation 7.5 |
Secondary
Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Depression
Pre-operative emotional distress related to depression will be measured by assessment of participant's answers to the PROMIS Emotional Distress-Depression-Short Form questionnaire prior to surgery. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt in the past 7 days. The scale for each question is from 1, never felt this way in the past 7 days, to 5, always have felt this way in the past 7 days. The overall questionnaire scores can range from 8 (least severe score) to 40 (most severe score). Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for depression. For the adult PROMIS Depression 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged.
Time frame: Screening visit
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Depression | 41.9 T-score | Standard Deviation 7.1 |
| ERAS Alone | Pre-operative Emotional Distress Related to Depression | 40.4 T-score | Standard Deviation 4.7 |
Secondary
Pre-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Pre-operative pain ratings will be measured by the assessment of the participant's answers to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaire. There are 14 statements related to pain that participants will record experiencing on a scale of 0 being experienced not at all to 4 being experienced all of the time. The lowest possible score is 0 and the highest possible score is 56. Higher scores present a worse outcome.
Time frame: Screening visit
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Pre-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 5.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| ERAS Alone | Pre-operative Pain Rating Using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 6.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.4 |
Secondary
Pre-operative Sleep Disturbance
Pre-operative sleep disturbance will be measured by assessment of the participant's answers to the PROMIS item Bank v1.0 - Sleep Disturbance - Short Form 8a. There are 8 questions about how the participant may have felt about their sleep quality in the past 7 days. The scale for 1 question is very poor in the past 7 days to very good in the past 7 days. Higher T-scores present a worse outcome for sleep disturbance. For the adult PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 8a short form values reported, the participants raw scores are converted to T-scores and then averaged.
Time frame: Screening visit
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| nCAP + ERAS | Pre-operative Sleep Disturbance | 51.4 T-score | Standard Deviation 7 |
| ERAS Alone | Pre-operative Sleep Disturbance | 47.4 T-score | Standard Deviation 9.3 |