Nutrition, Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
Vitamin D, Omega-3 fatty acids
Brief summary
The purpose of the research is to evaluate if chicken or eggs obtained from chickens that are fed a diet that contains omega-3 fatty acids (DHA/EPA), or vitamin D (as 25(OH)D) provides additional health benefits by improving the status of omega-3 fatty acids or 25(OH)D in healthy adults who eat this bioenhanced chicken or eggs.
Detailed description
The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines advocate intake of lean proteins (such as chicken and fish) while limiting intake of saturated fat. Chicken contains similar protein to beef or pork but has less saturated fat. However, chicken, like other terrestrial meats, has little omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and relatively little vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency is common in the US and globally, and has been linked to a number of adverse health outcomes. Vitamin D is ingested primarily from fortified dairy products, but recent animal studies have increased the D content of pork and beef, and the DHA content of chicken and of eggs produced from bioenhanced chickens. Moreover, sunlight exposure alone can enhance the 25(OH)D content of chicken. Notably, supplemental 25(OH)D is more effective than vitamin D at improving vitamin D status in humans, but little is known about the bioavailability of 25(OH)D or DHA/EPA enhanced chicken (muscle) or in enhanced eggs produced from supplemented chickens.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTDHA/EPA fortified chicken plus Placebo
For participants who received DHA/EPA fortified chicken
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTnon-25(OH)D fortified chicken/eggs plus vitamin D3 supplement
Provided to participants in the group where they consumed non-fortified chicken/eggs
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTnon-DHA bio-enhanced chicken plus supplement DHA Omega-3
Used in the crossover part of the study given to the group who did not received DHA bio-enhanced chicken
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT25(OH)D bioenhanced chicken and eggs plus placebo
participants will receive 25(OH)D bioenhanced chicken and eggs plus a placebo as a dietary intervention
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTDietary Supplement: DHA/EPA fortified eggs plus Placebo
For the participants who received DHA/EPA fortified eggs
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTnon-DHA bio-enhanced eggs plus supplement DHA Omega-3
for the participants who received non-DHA bio-enhanced eggs plus supplement DHA Omega-3
OTHERnon-25(OH)D fortified chicken/eggs plus placebo
Provided to participants in the group where they consumed non-fortified chicken/eggs + placebo pills
Sponsors
Cornell University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CROSSOVER
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* healthy adults * Non-smoking * Age between 18- 35 yo * Females: premenopausal and not pregnant or lactating * Body mass index (BMI) between 18 - 30 kg/m2. * No preexisting medical complications (such as eating disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, malabsorption diseases, or taking medications known to influence iron homeostasis)
Exclusion criteria
* BMI \<18 or \> 30 kg/m2, * Age \<18 y or \> 50y, * Smoking * Pregnancy, lactating * Have gastrointestinal disorders/malabsorption diseases/dietary restrictions/medication use of medications known to impact DHA/EPA or Vitamin D 25(OH)D absorption * Take vitamin and mineral supplementations
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration of plasma DHA concentrations | Baseline, and time course of 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour and 8 hour post meal | Measuring plasma DHA concentration across different time points to assess DHA bioavailability and absorption |
| Concentrations of serum 25(OH)D, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin D binding protein | Baseline, and time course of week 2, week 4, week 6, week 8 | Measuring serum 25(OH)D concentration across different time points to assess 25(OH)D bioavailability and absorption |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed