Vaccine Refusal
Conditions
Keywords
COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, vaccine hesitancy, trust, health inequality, racial/ethnicity
Brief summary
With the constant threat of new epidemic waves and the emergence of variants, COVID-19 resilience can only be attained when a sufficient level of immunity is achieved. Yet, in the US and the UK, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have failed to secure consistent vaccination acceptance in racial/ethnic minority communities. Despite racial/ethnic minorities being more at risk from COVID-19, they are less vaccinated than the White majority. The investigators propose that current vaccination invitation messages are deemed less trustworthy by racial/ethnic minorities than the White majority and that this might partly explain reduced vaccination acceptance. To provide causal evidence of the role of trust and actionable insights, the investigators will experimentally assess the benefits of new invitation messages to receive the COVID-19 booster dose in large, racially/ethnically diverse samples in the US and the UK. Results will evidence how to increase message and source trustworthiness to foster trust and vaccination acceptance across racial/ethnic groups.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALTrust boost
The investigators adapt the wording of the vaccination invitation to foster trust and increase vaccination acceptance.
Sponsors
University of Southern California
Department of Health and Social Care
Kingston University
University of Essex
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Participants will read and evaluate 4 versions of the vaccination invitation. The condition will be selected randomly by the Qualtrics algorithm (with an even selection rate). The four invitations will be presented to each participant in a random order based on the Qualtrics randomisation algorithm.
Intervention model description
In a 4 x 4 experimental design, the investigators will manipulate the content of the vaccination invitation message in within-subject and the message source in between-subjects. Each participant will hence read four versions of the COVID-19 booster vaccination invitation message sent by one of the four possible sources.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Exclusion criteria
* if participants complete the study in less than 5 minutes * if participants complete the study without paying attention (as indicated by their answers to two attention check questions)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trust perception | immediately after intervention | Perceived trustworthiness of the vaccine invitation. Participants will rate how trustworthy is the invitation message on a 5 point Likert scale (1: Untrustworthy 3: Not sure, 5: Trustworthy) |
| Vaccination appointment booking | immediately after intervention | Likelihood to book a vaccination appointment via the message. Participants will report if they would use the link in the message to book their vaccination appointment on a 5 point Likert scale (1: No, I would not, 3: Not sure/maybe later, 5: Yes, I would) |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed