Young Adult
Conditions
Keywords
Hand Grip Strength, Skinfold Thickness, Trunk strength
Brief summary
The main objective was to explore relationship between skinfold measurement at multiple sites, hand grip strength, and trunk muscle strength (flexors and extensors) in healthy participants. Conclusion: There is a moderate association between hand grip strength, T score and trunk muscle strength, evident from the present research. Though no such association was seen for skinfold measurement.
Detailed description
Objectives: The main objective was to explore relationship between skinfold measurement at multiple sites, hand grip strength, and trunk muscle strength (flexors and extensors) in healthy participants. Methods: Cross-sectional design, randomly recruited 40 participants. Finally only 39 participants were included. Measurements for demographic variable and anthropometric variables were done. Then the evaluation for hand grip strength and skin fold was done. Data Analysis: Quantitative variables were designated using means and standard deviations, and qualitative variables described by frequencies. The Repeated measure for Analysis of Variance (RANOVA) was used to analyse whether there was statistically significant interaction between the two groups (smoking vs non-smokers). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure associations of anthropometric traits with grip strength. Multiple linear regression model was also carried to explore the linear relationship between dependent and independent variables.
Interventions
OTHERhand grip strength
Observational study
Sponsors
King Khalid University
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* This cross-sectional study Only healthy participants with no known history of previous diseases were included (n=39).
Exclusion criteria
* Students who found it difficult to follow the instructions for the tests after one familiarity sessions were excluded (n=0). Students reporting any kind of acute infections, previous history of chronic respiratory diseases were also excluded (n=1).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Handgrip strength | 1 month | Jamar Hydraulic Dynamometers (Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer Fabrication Enterprises Inc, NY) was used as the evaluation tool for measuring grip. The handgrip measurement was carried out as per the recommendations laid by The National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) |
| Trunk strength | 1 month | Hydraulic Dynamometers (Hydraulic Dynamometer) |
| Skinfold thickness | 1 month | Harpenden Caliper , Skinfold thickness (SFT) at multiple marked sites on biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac areas using a Harpenden Caliper (Baty, UK) for the non-dominant side. The instruments were well calibrated before testing. The measurement sites were marked, and then a minimum of two readings were taken. In case the two measurements at a particular site differed by more than 3 mm, a third measurement was taken. The mean of the two closest measurement was documented and the percentage of body fat was then calculated using the formula and table published by Durnin and Womersley |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Waist Circumference | 1 month | Waist circumference was measured using inch tape as per the guidelines laid by the world health organization (WHO) . Elements of the protocol discussed below include: * the anatomical placement of the measuring tape, its tightness and the type of tape used; * the subject's posture, phase of respiration, abdominal tension, stomach contents and clothing. |
| Smoking Habits | 1 month | Yes and No type questions , have been chronic smokers of more than 1 year or 6 months |
Countries
Saudi Arabia
Outcome results
None listed