Head and Neck Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cells growth, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. One of the most common cancer is head and neck cancer (HNC), which has low survival rate. Malnutrition occurrence in HNC lower immune system and as result, decreased survival rate was found. Risk factors including tumor histopathology, nutritional status, immune system, and environment have various effects on life expectancy. Head and neck cancer treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are not without complications. Xerostomia, stomatitis, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, dysgeusia, ageusia, also pain are commonly found during the HNC treatment procedure, and takes part in further undernutrition findings in HNC patients. Adequate nutrition management has favorable impact in managing HNC patients' malnutrition related problems. Not only energy intake, but also macronutrients and micronutrients intake have been proved be beneficial in the outcomes of HNC patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and zinc are namely two nutrients that have been hypothesized to be beneficent. Branched-chain amino acids are found to increase muscle mass, amino acid pools, and immune system, which resulted in preventing malnutrition and cachexia, also increasing total lymphocyte count in cancer patients. Zinc plays role in immune system, antioxidant process, and taste bud functions. Zinc supplementation is correlated to give a better outcome in taste perception and stomatitis in HNC patients who undergo radiotherapy. This study aims to finds the correlation between BCAA intake with muscle mass and lymphocyte count in HNC patients who haven't undergone chemoradiotherapy, zinc correlation with gustatory in HNC patients who haven't undergone chemoradiotherapy, zinc correlation with stomatitis in HNC patients who is having radiotherapy treatment, and energy and protein intake with body weight in HNC patients after underwent radiotherapy.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Indonesia University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* head and neck cancer patients who haven't undergone radiotherapy or chemotherapy, during radiotherapy, and after radiotherapy
Exclusion criteria
* have contraindications for body composition measuring * are immunodeficient or have autoimmune disease * during immunosuppressant drugs treatment
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| muscle mass | before radiotherapy (1 day) | body composition analyzer, result in kg. |
| body weight | after radiotherapy (1 day) | body weight in kilogram |
| total lymphocyte count | before radiotherapy (1 day) | TLC in 1000/mcL |
| taste bud perception | before radiotherapy (1 day) | Henkin test |
| stomatitis | during radiotherapy (1 day) | stomatitis grade using WHO criteria |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| protein intake | during the first meeting (1 day) | protein intake using food frequency questionnaire and 24-hrs food recall, data calculated using nutrisurvey |
| energy intake | during the first meeting (1 day) | energy intake using food frequency questionnaire and 24-hrs food recall, data calculated using nutrisurvey |
| BCAA intake | during the first meeting (1 day) | BCAA intake using food frequency questionnaire and 24-hrs food recall, data calculated using nutrisurvey |
| zinc intake | during the first meeting (1 day) | zinc intake using food frequency questionnaire and 24-hrs food recall, data calculated using nutrisurvey |
| hair zinc level | during the first meeting if the patients undergo radiotherapy (1 day) | zinc level in hair |
Countries
Indonesia
Outcome results
None listed