Autonomic Dysfunction
Conditions
Keywords
older individuals, heart rate variability, physical training, hypertension
Brief summary
Sixty-one sedentary older hypertensive individuals were randomized to four groups: continuous aerobic training (CA), interval aerobic training (IA), resistance training (R), and control (C) group. The protocol included 3 sessions of training by week for 12 weeks. C individuals were instructed to continue their usual activities. They were submitted to the passive tilt test before and after the research protocol, evaluating the heart rate (HR), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAα1) and entropy
Detailed description
The individuals were randomized into four groups: continuous aerobic training (CA), interval aerobic training (IA), resistance training (R), and control (C), which performed physical exercises three times a week for twelve weeks, with a total of 36 sessions. The tilt test was performed before and after the research protocol. Individuals in the control group were only encouraged to maintain their usual activities. For the analysis of HRV, the baseline conditions (resting in the supine position) were determined, followed by the passive postural maneuver, which characterizes the tilt test (table til tat 70 °) in order to determine the following variables: * HR: heart rate (sympathetic action) * LF: Low frequency band (Modulated predominantly by the sympathetic system) * HF: High frequency band (Modulated predominantly by the parasympathetic system) * Entropy: data complexity or irregularity index showing that, the higher the values, the better the HRV. * DFAα1 (short term detrended fluctuation analysis)
Interventions
OTHERExercise
3 different types of training or control
Sponsors
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
The individuals were randomized into four groups: continuous aerobic training (CA), interval aerobic training (IA), resistance training (R), and control (C), which performed physical exercises three times a week for twelve weeks, with a total of 36 sessions. The tilt test was performed before and after the research protocol. Individuals in the control group were only encouraged to maintain their usual activities.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
men and women 60-year-old or older, extensively using prescription antihypertensive drugs, and having no previous experience with physical training -
Exclusion criteria
* • Positive treadmill test (TT) for ischemia * Related left ventricular systolic dysfunction of any degree * Presence of arrhythmias * Use of β-blockers * Use more than seven doses of ethyl alcohol per week * Renal insufficiency * Diabetes * Hyper- or hypothyroidism * Limiting lung disease * Osteomioarticular impairment that would limit exercise performance * SBP ≥160 and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg on baseline
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | 12 weeks | Heart rate was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time. |
| Low frequency band | 12 weeks | Low frequency band was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer. |
| High frequency band | 12 weeks | High frequency band was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer. |
| Entropy | 12 weeks | Entropy was obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer. |
| Short term detrended fluctuation analysis | 12 weeks | Short term detrended fluctuation analysis obtained before and after the protocol by electrocardiogram, performed before and after tilt test at each time.The electrical signal from the electrocardiogram was filtered and amplified. The amplified signals were processed by ananalog-digital converter (DI-720, DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH, USA) and sampled (1000 hz per channel) by a computer program (Windaq, DATAQ, Akron, OH, USA) installed in an IBM/PC computer. |
Outcome results
None listed