SARS-COV-2 Infection
Conditions
Keywords
immune response, SARS-COV-2, ACE2 receptors, MPRSS2, cathepsin L
Brief summary
SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for pandemic COVID-19 infection, is transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets. Regarding maternal-fetal transmission, even if the mode of transmission from mother to fetus is not clear, some cases of perinatal transmission have been described, but without certainty on the routes of placental contamination, trans-cervical or by environmental exposure. . The case described by J. Vivanti of a newborn with neonatal neurological involvement and whose mother had been infected during the last trimester of pregnancy reports possible transplacental transmission in a context of positive and elevated viremia in the mother and positive viremia in the newborn.
Detailed description
In 2021, it becomes essential to clarify if and how SARS-COV-2 reaches the fetus, in order to prevent neonatal infection, optimize pregnancy management and better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19. SARS-COV-2, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-receptors are highly expressed in placental tissues and may be actively involved in transplacental transmission of the virus. From a case of materno-fetal transmission described by our team (publication in progress), we observed placental expression of the Spike SARS-COV-2 protein, but also of the ACE2 receptors, TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L. Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cell stains were positive within the placental villi. Maternal leukocytes were also labeled for these proteins.
Interventions
OTHERSamples concern SARS-COV-2 + pregnant women at the time of childbirth
* nasopharyngeal PCR in the mother (performed systematically in this epidemic context), * Blood samples: 1 EthyleneDiamineTetraacetic Acid (EDTA) tube (immunohistochemistry), 1 yellow tube (COVID + RT-qPCR serology). * Sampling of amniotic fluid in case of cesarean section * Sampling of the placenta for histological and virological study.
OTHERSamples concern newborns of SARS-COV-2 + mothers at birth
* In the birth room: * Collection of gastric fluid (PCR SARS-COV-2), * Cord blood: 1 EDTA tube (immunohistochemistry), 1 yellow tube (SARS-COV-2 + RT-qPCR serology). * In the newborn at D3 of life: \- 1 yellow tube (SARS-COV-2 + RT-qPCR serology) at the same time as the DNN. * In symptomatic newborns: * 1 yellow tube (SARS-COV-2 + RT-qPCR serology). * nasopharyngeal PCR,
Sponsors
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Social security affiliation * Signed informed consent * Pregnant woman with proven SARS-COV-2 infection during full-term delivery
Exclusion criteria
* Patient vaccinated within 15 days prior to inclusion
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Spike SARS-COV-2 protein in placental tissues | Baseline : childbirth | number of cells expressing the Spike SARS-COV-2 protein |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ACE2 receptors in placental tissues | Baseline : childbirth | number of cells expressing the ACE2 receptors |
| TMPRSS2 in placental tissues | Baseline : childbirth | number of cells expressing the TMPRSS2 |
| cathepsin L in placental tissues | Baseline : childbirth | number of cells expressing the cathepsin L |
Countries
France
Outcome results
None listed