Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
athletes, masters, purine metabolites, NAD metabolites, CPET
Brief summary
The influence of age and physical fitness level on the level of energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity in adult males.
Detailed description
Over four hundred healthy, adult males of different age categories and physical fitness levels were included in the study. There is much research convincing that in athletes of various sports disciplines the level of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and amino acid profiles during years of training undergoes sports adaptation. The study aimed to evaluate how age and physical fitness level affects the level of purine metabolites and metabolites of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, the level of antioxidant capacity, and amino acid profiles. Investigators hypothesized that there will be an age-related decline in most of the physiological indices, but significant differences will appear regarding the level of an individual's sports adaptation.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTCardio-pulmonary exercise test
An incremental running test was conducted on the treadmill. Initially, the exercise protocol included standing still for 3 min and walking for 3 min at a constant speed of 4 km/h. After this introductory part, the speed was increased to 8 km/h and then every 3 min by 2 km/h until the volitional exhaustion was reached. During all procedure oxygen consumption was measured with the use of a portable breath-by-breath ergospirometer.
Sponsors
Poznan University of Physical Education
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. healthy 2. non-smoking 3. physically fit, including top-level athletes
Exclusion criteria
1. no reported history of a cardiopulmonary or renal diseases, and other chronic diseases 2. no major orthopedic injury or illness resulting in an inability to run 3. no medications that could affect cardiopulmonary functions 4. normal resting electrocardiogram 5. body mass index (BMI) below 30.0 kg·m-2 6. normal erythrocyte count and Hb content 7. no pathological states known of significantly elevated adenylate pool and concentration of ATP, e.g. sickle cell disease, diabetes, leukemia, sepsis, tuberculosis, meningococcal infection, or renal insufficiency
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cardio-respiratory measures | during the intervention | Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was conducted while an incremental running test on the treadmill using a portable breath-by-breath ergospirometer and heart rate monitor. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma purine nucleotides | baseline and immediately after the intervention | The plasma purine metabolites were estimated in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection. Measurements performed: Guanosine, Inosine, Adenosine, Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, Uric Acid, Allantoin, Adenine Nucleotides \[adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophasphate (IMP)\], Guanine Nucleotides \[guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP)\]. |
| Erythrocyte Purine Metabolites | baseline and immediately after the intervention | The erythrocyte purine metabolites were estimated in erythrocytes using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection. Measurements performed: Adenine Nucleotides \[adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophasphate (IMP)\], Guanine Nucleotides \[guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP)\]. |
| Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity | baseline and immediately after the intervention | The HGPRT activity was estimated in whole blood and in erythrocytes using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection. |
| Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and its metabolites | baseline and immediately after the intervention | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and its metabolites were estimated in plasma using mass spectrometric procedure. Measurements performed: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), Nicotinamide (NA), 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (M2PY), 1-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide (M4PY), Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide ribonucleoside (4PYR) |
| Total antioxidant status (TAS) | baseline | Total antioxidant status (TAS) measurement was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. |
| Blood Lactate level | baseline and immediately after the intervention | Lactate concentration was performed by the spectrophotometric enzymatic method. |
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) | baseline | The measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. |
| Polyphenols | baseline | The measurement of polyphenols was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. |
| Reduced glutathione (GSH) | baseline | The measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. |
| Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity | baseline | The measurement of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. |
| Aminoacid profile | baseline | The levels of 20 aminoacids were estimated in plasma using mass spectrometric procedure. |
| Thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) | baseline | The measurement of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. |
Countries
Poland
Outcome results
None listed