Cold Exposure
Conditions
Keywords
Cold exposure, Energy expenditure
Brief summary
Cold-induced thermogenesis, or the increase in energy expenditure upon cold exposure, indicates metabolic stress, as such, cold-induced thermogenesis may signal an appropriate stimulus to improve metabolic health. Cold acclimation may alter cold-induced thermogenesis due to changes in (non)shivering thermogenesis and blood flow. The main aim of this research is to compare the energy expenditure responses, during a standardised cold stress (\ 9°C air temperature, maximum 1 hour), of Siberian adults with Western European adults. The subjects will be individually matched for age, sex, body mass and height. It was hypothesised that cold-induced thermogenesis will be reduced in the Siberian population.
Interventions
OTHERCold exposure
Cold air exposure (\ 9°C, maximum 1 hour duration)
Sponsors
Maastricht University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Signed informed consent * Western European origin or of Siberian origin * BMI between 18.5 and 35 kg/m2 * Generally healthy (determined by dependent physician)
Exclusion criteria
* Smoking * Active, uncontrolled cardiovascular disease or cancer * Raynaud's disease * Participation in another biomedical study within 1 month before the first study * Cold-acclimated (Western European group), such as takes daily extended cold baths, works in a refrigerated environment, or regular cold-water swimming within 1 month of starting the study * Medication use known to hamper subject's safety during study procedures * Abuse of alcohol or drugs
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cold-induced thermogenesis | 30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour) | Energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Skin temperature | 30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour) | Skin temperature determined with iButtons, measured in °C |
| Core temperature | 30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour) | Core temperature determined with a gastrointestinal pill, measured in °C |
| Shivering activity | 30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour) | Electromyography will be used to measure the electrical activity of 3 skeletal muscles |
| Substrate oxidation | 30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour) | Carbohydrate and fat oxidation will be determined with indirect calorimetry |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed