Food Preferences
Conditions
Keywords
food labeling, child, sugar-sweetened beverages, eating, drinking, choice behavior
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) warning labels increase consumers' knowledge about the potential health harms of SSBs and reduce SSB purchases and consumption. 216 racially and ethnically diverse parents of children 6-11 years old will be recruited to buy snacks and beverages for four weeks via an online store that ships participants their purchases. Participants will be randomized to either 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. The investigators hypothesize that sugar graphic warning labels displayed in an online store in weeks 2-4 will lead to the greatest reductions from week 1 across both primary outcomes compared to the control group that will only see calorie labels.
Detailed description
During this study, participants will shop in an online store created using Shopify for four weeks. In this within-participant design, the first week of shopping is baseline. Participants will then be randomized to different store interfaces for the remaining three weeks based on one of two warning label conditions: 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. Participants will complete a brief survey at the start of the study to assess demographic information, information about parent and child beverage consumption, and their online shopping experiences. At the end they will complete another survey about their beverage consumption, their experience shopping in the store, whether they noticed and used the warning labels, and their ability to recall the warning label message. Participants will also be asked about their perceptions of a specific type of warning label in this final survey. Upon completion of the survey, participants will be shown a debriefing statement explaining the study purpose. After they read the information, they will be asked whether or not they consent to allow their data to be used in this study.
Interventions
Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels
BEHAVIORALExposure to calorie information
Calories for all beverages and foods
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
University of Pennsylvania
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
This randomized, controlled online study will capture beverage and snack purchases from an online store. These products will be mailed to participants for each of the 4 shopping weeks. Participants' consumption will be measured at the beginning and end of the study. As this is a within-participant study, consumption for each arm will be compared to baseline for that participant (Week 1 shopping).
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* a primary caregiver of a child 6-to-11 years old; * \>=18 years old; * can read and speak English; * primary grocery shopper for their household; * have regular Internet access; and * report that the oldest of their children between 6 and 11 years old is consuming sugar sweetened beverages at least twelve times per month or approximately three times a week
Exclusion criteria
* not a primary caregiver of a child 6-to-11 years old; * \<18 years old; * cannot read and/or speak English; * not the primary grocery shopper for their household; * does not have regular Internet access; and * does not report that the oldest of their children between 6 and 11 years old is consuming sugar sweetened beverages at least twelve times per month or approximately three times a week
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1 | one week | Logged beverage calories/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages. |
| Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Logged average beverage calories/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages. |
| Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | one week | Beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages. |
| Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Average beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1 | one week | Logged snack calories/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks. |
| Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1 | one week | Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage within each condition |
| Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Logged average snack calories/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks. |
| Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | one week | Snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks. |
| Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage at any point during Weeks 2-4, within each condition |
| Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Average snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks. |
| Total Calories Purchased, Week 1 | one week | Log of the summed beverage and snack calories purchased |
| Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Log of the average summed beverage and snack calories purchased per week over Weeks 2-4 |
| Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | one week | Summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased |
| Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | three weeks | Average summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased per week over Weeks 2-4 |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline | baseline | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey. |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final | Week 4 | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey. |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline | baseline | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey. |
| Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final | Week 4 | Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey. |
| Noticing the Label | Week 4 | Participants will respond yes, no, or I don't know to the item: When you selected a beverage to purchase in the store, did you notice any labels on the beverages other than calorie information? |
| Perceived Label Influence | Week 4 | Participants will respond: yes, no, or I did not notice any labels in response to the question of whether the label influenced their purchase. |
| How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label | Week 4 | How much do you trust the information on this label?. Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater trust in the label. |
| Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts | Week 4 | If this government warning label were on a beverage, how much would it change your thoughts about the healthiness of that beverage for your child? Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 5=A lot. Higher numbers indicate the label would be more likely to change perceptions of beverage healthiness. |
| Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child | Week 4 | If you saw this government warning label on a beverage, would the label encourage you to serve your child that beverage less often? Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Definitely no and 5=Definitely yes. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving unhealthy beverages less often. |
| Negative Reactions to the Label | Week 4 | Average negative emotional response to the label will be examined (said the warning label made them feel worried, fearful, guilty, or disgusted or grossed out). Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale averaging across the 4 negative emotions where 1=Not at all and 5=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate more negative reactions. |
| Child Enjoyment of Water | Week 4 | How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. |
| Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice | Week 4 | How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. |
| Child Enjoyment of Soda | Week 4 | How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. |
| Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink | Week 4 | How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product. |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Water | Week 4 | How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice | Week 4 | How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Soda | Week 4 | How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. |
| Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks | Week 4 | How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child. |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water | Week 4 | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice | Week 4 | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda | Week 4 | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. |
| Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks | Week 4 | Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49. |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water | Week 4 | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice | Week 4 | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda | Week 4 | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed |
| Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks | Week 4 | This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water | Week 4 | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice | Week 4 | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda | Week 4 | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. |
| Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks | Week 4 | This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were recruited online from October 2021 to November 2022.
Pre-assignment details
Of the 216 participants, 2 were pilot participants who helped us discover some necessary changes to study procedures. They were excluded from analysis along with 2 lost to follow-up, 1 who withdrew, and 22 participants who were not confirmed eligible with baseline measures, leaving 189 participants for analysis.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Calorie Label Calorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current Clear on Calories labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label.
Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods | 108 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage.
Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels: Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels
Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods | 108 |
| Total | 216 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Ineligible based on baseline survey (eligible based on protocol: recruitment screener) | 11 | 11 |
| Overall Study | Ineligible because pilot participants. The protocol changed after running them. | 0 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Calorie Label | Total | Sugar Graphic Warning Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 | 40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 | 40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 |
| Education level Associates degree | 9 Participants | 24 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Education level College/University degree | 32 Participants | 64 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Education level Graduate or professional education | 39 Participants | 73 Participants | 34 Participants |
| Education level High school graduate or received GED | 9 Participants | 21 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Education level Less than high school | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Education level Some college | 18 Participants | 31 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants | 10 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 101 Participants | 206 Participants | 105 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Marital status Married or living with partner | 73 Participants | 137 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Marital status Single (never married, divorced, widowed, separated) | 35 Participants | 79 Participants | 44 Participants |
| Number of adults in household 1 adult | 32 Participants | 64 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Number of adults in household 2 adults | 61 Participants | 123 Participants | 62 Participants |
| Number of adults in household 3 or more adults | 15 Participants | 29 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Number of children in household 1 child | 29 Participants | 44 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Number of children in household 2 children | 48 Participants | 98 Participants | 50 Participants |
| Number of children in household 3 children | 17 Participants | 43 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Number of children in household 4 or more children | 14 Participants | 31 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 38 Participants | 86 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 8 Participants | 13 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 57 Participants | 110 Participants | 53 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Female | 97 Participants | 198 Participants | 101 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Male | 8 Participants | 15 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Non-binary / Gender non-conforming | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 108 | 0 / 108 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 108 | 0 / 108 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 108 | 0 / 108 |
Outcome results
Primary
Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages.
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | 8.95 g/100mL | Standard Deviation 8.75 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | 8.10 g/100mL | Standard Deviation 8.43 |
Primary
Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Average beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages.
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 8.90 g/100mL | Standard Deviation 8.07 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 6.99 g/100mL | Standard Deviation 7.06 |
Primary
Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1
Logged beverage calories/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages.
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1 | 1.43 Logged calories/100mL | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1 | 1.40 Logged calories/100mL | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
Primary
Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Logged average beverage calories/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages.
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 1.49 Logged calories/100mL | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 1.43 Logged calories/100mL | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
Secondary
Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice
How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice | 5.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice | 5.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
Secondary
Child Enjoyment of Soda
How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Child Enjoyment of Soda | 4.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Child Enjoyment of Soda | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
Secondary
Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink
How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink | 4.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink | 4.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
Secondary
Child Enjoyment of Water
How much do you think your child would enjoy this product? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Child Enjoyment of Water | 5.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Child Enjoyment of Water | 5.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
Secondary
Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child
If you saw this government warning label on a beverage, would the label encourage you to serve your child that beverage less often? Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Definitely no and 5=Definitely yes. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving unhealthy beverages less often.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. 3 additional didn't answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
Secondary
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice | 4 teaspoons |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice | 4 teaspoons |
Secondary
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda | 10 teaspoons |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda | 16 teaspoons |
Secondary
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks | 6 teaspoons |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks | 8 teaspoons |
Secondary
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water | 0 teaspoons |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water | 0 teaspoons |
Secondary
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice | 28.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.9 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice | 29.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
Secondary
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda | 13.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.4 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda | 14.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
Secondary
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks | 23.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks | 23.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.1 |
Secondary
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement Drinking this product often would…. The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: lead my child to gain weight, increase my child's risk of heart disease, increase my child's risk of diabetes, make my child feel energized, help my child focus at school, and help my child live a healthy life. The other item is: How healthy do you think this product is for your child? Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer these questions.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water | 41.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.7 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water | 40.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.7 |
Secondary
How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label
How much do you trust the information on this label?. Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater trust in the label.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And 3 more who didn't answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label | 5.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label | 6.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Secondary
Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts
If this government warning label were on a beverage, how much would it change your thoughts about the healthiness of that beverage for your child? Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 5=A lot. Higher numbers indicate the label would be more likely to change perceptions of beverage healthiness.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Three more didn't answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts | 3.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
Secondary
Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice
How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
Secondary
Likely to Serve or Buy Soda
How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Soda | 2.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Soda | 2.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
Secondary
Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks
How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks | 2.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks | 2.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
Secondary
Likely to Serve or Buy Water
How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks? Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Water | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Likely to Serve or Buy Water | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
Secondary
Negative Reactions to the Label
Average negative emotional response to the label will be examined (said the warning label made them feel worried, fearful, guilty, or disgusted or grossed out). Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale averaging across the 4 negative emotions where 1=Not at all and 5=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate more negative reactions.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Three additional participants didn't answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Negative Reactions to the Label | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Negative Reactions to the Label | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
Secondary
Noticing the Label
Participants will respond yes, no, or I don't know to the item: When you selected a beverage to purchase in the store, did you notice any labels on the beverages other than calorie information?
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data, and 1 person didn't answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Noticing the Label | Yes | 34 Participants |
| Calorie Label | Noticing the Label | No | 48 Participants |
| Calorie Label | Noticing the Label | Don't know | 12 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Noticing the Label | Yes | 62 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Noticing the Label | No | 22 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Noticing the Label | Don't know | 10 Participants |
Secondary
Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1
Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage within each condition
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1 | 67 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1 | 68 Participants |
Secondary
Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4
Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage at any point during Weeks 2-4, within each condition
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4 | 77 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4 | 73 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice | 2.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice | 2.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
Secondary
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda | 3.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda | 3.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.2 |
Secondary
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks | 2.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks | 2.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
Secondary
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = too little for my child, 2 = just right for my child and 3 = too much for my child. Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. Additional participants who did not answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water | 2.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water | 2.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
Secondary
Perceived Label Influence
Participants will respond: yes, no, or I did not notice any labels in response to the question of whether the label influenced their purchase.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data. And 1 person didn't answer this question.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Perceived Label Influence | No | 19 Participants |
| Calorie Label | Perceived Label Influence | Yes | 15 Participants |
| Calorie Label | Perceived Label Influence | I did not notice any labels | 60 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Label Influence | No | 21 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Label Influence | Yes | 41 Participants |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Perceived Label Influence | I did not notice any labels | 32 Participants |
Secondary
Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks.
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | 28.3 g/100g | Standard Deviation 28 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | 31.2 g/100g | Standard Deviation 29 |
Secondary
Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Average snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks.
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 38.3 g/100g | Standard Deviation 32.1 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 37.3 g/100g | Standard Deviation 26 |
Secondary
Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1
Logged snack calories/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks.
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1 | 2.89 Logged calories/100g | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1 | 2.94 Logged calories/100g | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
Secondary
Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Logged average snack calories/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks.
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 2.94 Logged calories/100g | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 2.96 Logged calories/100g | Standard Deviation 0.2 |
Secondary
Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | 353 Grams | Standard Deviation 300 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1 | 321 Grams | Standard Deviation 260 |
Secondary
Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Average summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased per week over Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 378 Grams | Standard Deviation 277 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 327 Grams | Standard Deviation 238 |
Secondary
Total Calories Purchased, Week 1
Log of the summed beverage and snack calories purchased
Time frame: one week
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Total Calories Purchased, Week 1 | 3.52 Logged calories | Standard Deviation 0.26 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Total Calories Purchased, Week 1 | 3.55 Logged calories | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
Secondary
Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Log of the average summed beverage and snack calories purchased per week over Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have order data because did not shop any of the 4 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 3.56 Logged calories | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4 | 3.55 Logged calories | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
Secondary
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey.
Time frame: baseline
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline | 6.4 Ounces |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline | 7.2 Ounces |
Secondary
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final | 6.4 Ounces |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final | 7.2 Ounces |
Secondary
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey.
Time frame: baseline
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline | 4 Ounces |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline | 6 Ounces |
Secondary
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey.
Time frame: Week 4
Population: Excludes 22 participants who were not eligible according to the baseline survey (although met protocol eligibility with recruitment screener). 3 participants did not have final survey data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final | 3.4 Ounces |
| Sugar Graphic Warning Label | Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final | 5.6 Ounces |