Heat Shock Therapy to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Neuropathy

Status

Terminated

Phases

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT05070741

Acronym

HOTFUN

Enrollment

Registered

2021-10-07

Start date

2020-07-27

Completion date

2022-07-11

Last updated

2025-01-24

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Neuropathy, PreDiabetes

Brief summary

Sensory dysfunction as a result of peripheral nerve damage is a significant problem that leads to reduced quality of life for patients. The prevalence of sensory dysfunction in peripheral neuropathy associates with epidemic increases in prediabetes and diabetes, but also is relevant to chemotherapy treatments and genetic disorders. Clinical approaches to treat peripheral neuropathy and to stimulate axon growth in settings of peripheral axon loss are limited. Although new drugs will hopefully be forthcoming, the most promising approaches likely involve behavioral and lifestyle interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as a key cellular contribution to peripheral axon health and peripheral neuropathy. Mitochondrial deficiencies contribute to neuropathy and include impaired mitochondrial problems with trafficking, mitophagy, fission, and biogenesis. All of these are thought to lead to a bioenergetic crisis, ending in distal axonal degeneration, sensory dysfunction and pain. Heat shock proteins play a critically important role in cellular homeostasis and increasing heat shock protein functions within cells leads to a range of positive improvements, particularly in mitochondria. In addition, new evidence suggests that increasing heat shock protein responses in peripheral nerves has powerful, positive impacts on sensory function and neuropathy. Our interdisciplinary team will investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral neuropathy and translate these approaches to improve treatment for patients with peripheral neuropathy. The investigators hypothesize that novel heat treatment interventions that improve mitochondrial function will improve metabolic symptoms and peripheral nerve mitochondria, leading to improvements in sensory function, via heat shock protein induction. The investigators will employ immersion heat treatment to elevate heat shock protein responses that induce positive changes in peripheral nerve mitochondria. One aspect is to confirm the efficacy, safety, and potential for heat treatment to improve sensory dysfunction in human patients with prediabetes. The goal of this proposal is 1) to test the breadth of heat treatment on various forms of neuropathy, 2) identify mechanisms in which heat treatment improves mitochondrial function, and 3) test the efficacy, safety, and potential for heat treatment to improve sensory dysfunction in human patients with prediabetes.

Interventions

BEHAVIORALHeat Therapy

Subjects will undergo 12 hot water immersions of 40.5 degrees Celsius for approximately 45 minutes per session over 4 weeks. Subjects will be immersed up to the shoulder in a 40°C hot tub until rectal temperature (Tre) increases by 1°C (\ 20 minutes). Subjects will then remain in the water bath submerged to waist level to maintain Tre between 38.5 and 39.0°C for another 30 minutes (approx. total time submerged \ 50 minutes). Following hot water immersion, subjects will be monitored for another 10 min, or until Tre falls below 38.5°C. Core temperature will be monitored using either 1) a rectal probe with sterile disposable sheaths or 2) a sterile disposable rectal thermistor probe (401 A/C, Advanced Industrial Systems, Inc., Harrods Creek, KY) to be inserted \ 1 inch past the anal sphincter (inserted by participant). Heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout the treatment. Subjects will be continually monitored and removed from the hot bath if Tre exceeds 39.5°C.

Study design

Allocation

Intervention model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Intervention model description

This prospective, observational cohort pilot study will recruit 20 patients with prediabetes with or without peripheral neuropathy (painful and non-painful) to participate in a 4-week heat therapy intervention. After screening, informed consent, and enrollment into the study, subjects will undergo a pre-intervention evaluation that will assess metabolic biomarkers and heat shock protein levels (blood), peripheral neuropathy, and epidermal evaluation (skin biopsy). After the skin biopsy has the appropriate time to heal (approximately 7-14 days), the subjects will undergo 45-minute heat treatments in 40°C water, three times weekly, for 4 weeks. After completion of heat treatments, subjects will undergo a repeated post-intervention evaluation and skin biopsy. Statistical approaches will compare pre- and post-heat therapy measures.

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

45 Years to 75 Years

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. both males and females, 2. ages 45-75, 3. have suspected or diagnosed prediabetes with or without neuropathy (to be confirmed at pre-intervention evaluation).

Exclusion criteria

1. skin conditions, circulatory insufficiency, or open wounds in the leg that would interfere with healing from a biopsy; 2. stroke or other significant nervous system pathology; 3. lidocaine allergy; 4. anticipated difficulty with blood clotting due to disorder or use of a blood thinner such as Coumadin, Xarelto, or Eliquis; 5. use of any medication used to treat abnormal blood glucose such as Metformin; 6. body weight \> 350 lbs.; 7. history of anemia or vitamin b12 deficiency; 8. clinical anemia (hematocrit \<32 for women, \<36 for men); 9. abnormal SPEP result; 10. history of cancer or chemotherapy treatment; 11. current or recent use (within the last 6 months) of artificial fingernails / nail enhancements that would interfere with quantitative sensory testing; 12. no special classes of subjects such as fetuses, neonates, pregnant women, prisoners, institutionalized individuals, non-English speaking individuals, or other who may be considered vulnerable populations will be included in this study. Withdrawal/Termination criteria: Prediabetes will be determined using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Management Guidelines. The subject will meet the criteria for a diagnosis of pre-diabetes if the subject has one or more positive test(s) for either A1c (5.7-6.4%), fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dl), or 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test (140-199 mg/dl). If at pre-intervention evaluation, the subject does not meet the criteria for prediabetes (lower than the above-mentioned range), meets the ADA criteria for diabetes (higher than the above-mentioned range), the subject will be considered a screen fail and will not progress to skin biopsy or intervention.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Change in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	The study team will measure fasting blood glucose at baseline and post-intervention.
Change in 2-hr Glucose	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	The study team will measure 2-hr Glucose at baseline and post-intervention. To complete the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the participant will drink a sweet, concentrated solution of glucose (Azer Scientific Glucola, 75 g) within 5 minutes. Afterwards, the participant will wait 2-hrs and blood will be drawn to test glucose and insulin levels.
Change in Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers (IENF)	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	The study team will count intraepidermal nerve fibers at baseline and post-intervention.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Change in Concentration of Heat Shock Protein Transcription Factor 1	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	Serum levels of heat shock protein transcription factor (HSF1) will be measured via Western blots and Elisa assays in serum at baseline and post-intervention.
Change in Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) Scores	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	Pressure pain sensitivity is measured by the Multimodal Automated Sensory Testing (MAST) System (measured at the thumbnail). It yields a pressure pain threshold value measured in kg/cm2.
Utah Early Neuropathy Scale (UENS)	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	The Utah Early Neuropathy Scale (UENS) is a physical examination scale specific to early sensory predominant polyneuropathy. The UENS emphasizes severity and spatial distribution of pin (sharp) sensation loss in the foot and leg and focuses less on motor weakness. The UENS includes five subscales: motor examination (4), pin sensation (24), allodynia/hyperesthesia (2), large fiber sensation(8) and deep tendon reflexes (4). The UENS total score ranges from 0-42, with a low score indicating a normal neurological exam and a higher score indicating neuropathy.
Change in Concentration of Heat Shock Protein 72	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	Serum levels of heat shock proteins (HSP72) will be measured via Western blots and Elisa assays in serum at baseline and post-intervention.
Change in Concentration of Heat Shock Protein 25	At baseline and post-intervention (~4-5 weeks after first visit)	Serum levels of heat shock proteins (HSP25) will be measured via Western blots and Elisa assays in serum at baseline and post-intervention.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Participants were recruited for this study through flyers posted at the University of Kansas Medical Center, in the community, and electronically via websites and email. Participants were also recruited utilizing the Frontiers Research Participant Registry. Participants were offered a $25 for completing Visits 1, 2, 15 and 16; and $15 for completing Visits 3-14; after completing each of the visits ($280 total) to aid with time and transportation.

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
Heat Therapy Treatment Subjects will undergo 12 hot water immersions of 40.5 degrees Celsius for approximately 45 minutes per session over 4 weeks. Subjects will be immersed up to the shoulder in a 40°C hot tub until rectal temperature (Tre) increases by 1°C (\ 20 minutes). Subjects will then remain in the water bath submerged to waist level to maintain Tre between 38.5 and 39.0°C for another 30 minutes (approx. total time submerged \ 50 minutes). Following hot water immersion, subjects will be monitored for another 10 min, or until Tre falls below 38.5°C. Core temperature will be monitored using either 1) a rectal probe with sterile disposable sheaths or 2) a sterile disposable rectal thermistor probe (401 A/C, Advanced Industrial Systems, Inc., Harrods Creek, KY) to be inserted \ 1 inch past the anal sphincter (inserted by participant). Heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout the treatment. Subjects will be continually monitored and removed from the hot bath if Tre exceeds 39.5°C.	2
Total	2

Arm

Count

Heat Therapy Treatment

Total

Withdrawals & dropouts

Period	Reason	FG000
Overall Study	Failed initial laboratory testing and was unable to progress to heat therapy treatment.	1

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Heat Therapy Treatment
Age, Continuous	66 years
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	2 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants
Neuropathy	2 Participants
Pre-Diabetes	2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	2 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	2 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	1 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	1 Participants

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	0 / 2
other Total, other adverse events	0 / 2
serious Total, serious adverse events	0 / 2

Outcome results

Primary

Change in 2-hr Glucose

The study team will measure 2-hr Glucose at baseline and post-intervention. To complete the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the participant will drink a sweet, concentrated solution of glucose (Azer Scientific Glucola, 75 g) within 5 minutes. Afterwards, the participant will wait 2-hrs and blood will be drawn to test glucose and insulin levels.