Potential Abnormality of Glucose Tolerance, Appetite; Lack or Loss, Nonorganic Origin
Conditions
Brief summary
This study investigated any potential associations between two preloads offered as snacks and postprandial glycemic response, subjective appetite and energy intake in healthy, normal weight adults
Detailed description
This study aimed at 1. firstly determine the glycemic index (GI) of a) goat milk yogurt b) goat milk yogurt with currants, c) currants and d) sultanina raisins, all containing 25 gr available carbohydrates and 2. test the hypothesis that a goat milk yogurt consumed as a snack before a meal, compared to milk with lactic acid would: a) have greater short-term effect on satiety measured by subsequent ad libitum meal intake, b) induce greater satiety as assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) and c) reduce postprandial glycemic response.
Interventions
Twelve subjects (male: 4 female: 8) consumed 25g glucose diluted in 150ml water, two times, in different weeks, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERGoat milk as test food
Twelve subjects (male: 4 female: 8) consumed 617 g goat milk yogurt, offering 25g available carbohydrate along with 250 mL water, one time, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERGoat milk and currants as test food
Twelve subjects (male: 4 female: 8) consumed 308 g goat milk yogurt and 19 g currants, offering 25g available carbohydrate along with 250 mL water, one time, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERCurrants as test food
Twelve subjects (male: 4 female: 8) consumed 37.8 g currants, offering 25g available carbohydrate along with 250 mL water, one time, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERSultanina raisins as test food
Twelve subjects (male: 4 female: 8) consumed 37.5 g sultanina raisins, offering 25g available carbohydrate along with 250 mL water, one time, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERGoat milk yogurt as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) consumed a standardized breakfast (bread and honey) and 2h after were offered a preload given as snack (200g goat milk yogurt). Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). The meal consisted of rice, roasted chicken breast and chocolate vanilla cake. Foods were weighed before serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken before breakfast, 120min after breakfast; before preload, 120minand 180minpost-preload consumption; before meal (lunch and dessert), 60minand 120min post-meal consumption. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed with 100mm VAS.
OTHERMilk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) consumed a standardized breakfast (bread and honey) and 2h after were offered a preload given as snack (200g milk with lactic acid). Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). The meal consisted of rice, roasted chicken breast and chocolate vanilla cake. Foods were weighed before serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken before breakfast, 120min after breakfast; before preload, 120minand 180minpost-preload consumption; before meal (lunch and dessert), 60minand 120min post-meal consumption. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed with 100mm VAS.
Sponsors
Agricultural University of Athens
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Masking description
Single (Investigator)
Intervention model description
Other: Glucose as reference food Other: goat milk yogurt as test food Other: goat milk yogurt with currants as test food Other: currants as test food Other: sultanina raisins as test food Other: goat milk preload Other: milk with lactic acid preload
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy, non-smoking, non-diabetic men and women individuals with normal body mass index (BMI; between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2)
Exclusion criteria
* Severe chronic disease (e.g. tumors, manifest coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, severe kidney or liver conditions, endocrine and immunological conditions) * Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. chronic inflammatory bowel disease) * Lactose intolerance * Pregnancy * Competitive sports * Lactation * Alcohol * Drug dependency
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Capillary blood glucose | 7 hours | Clinically useful change in serum glucose (mg/dL), defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test and for a total of 5 hours |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Subjective appetite ratings | 7 hours | Useful change in subjective appetite (hunger, desire to eat, motivation to eat, preoccupation with thoughts of food, thirst) scores 0 up to 10 from 100mm Visual Analogue Scales |
| Energy intake after preload | 6 hours | Useful change in energy intake (kcal) the day of the intervention (actual weighing of foods in grams consumed and leftovers using a Kern & Sohn (Germany) food weight scale (Max 3500 g, d=0.01g) and analysis from 24hr recalls using Diet Analysis Software |
| Arterial blood pressure | 7 hours | Clinically useful change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) before and after consumption of test foods |
Countries
Greece
Outcome results
None listed