Colorectal Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Colorectal Cancer
Brief summary
This research study is studying a drug intervention as a possible chemoprevention strategy for colorectal cancer. The name of the study intervention involved in this study is: * Low Dose Aspirin
Detailed description
This is prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to measure the effects of daily low-dose (81 mg/day) aspirin on tissue, urine, plasma, and stool biomarkers associated with colorectal cancer with a focus on the effect of age. It is a direct extension of an earlier study: ASPIRED trial NCT02394769 Aspirin is part of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) family, which are drugs routinely used for their pain-killing (analgesic), fever-reducing (antipyretic), or anti-inflammatory properties. Most NSAIDs are available as over-the-counter formulations. Substantial evidence has conclusively demonstrated that aspirin reduces the risk of colorectal polyps and cancer, yet there remains uncertainty surrounding its mode of action. Aspirin may prevent colorectal cancer through multiple interrelated biological mechanisms including the reduction of chronic inflammation, a known risk factor for colorectal cancer. Aspirin has been shown to directly affect prostaglandins, a class of biologic molecules that play important roles in controlling the normal inflammatory responses within your body. The exact mechanism by which aspirin acts to prevent colorectal cancer is still unknown.This study is looking at the mechanisms of aspirin's anti-cancer effect, which may lead to the discovery of novel specific characteristics (markers) that can be used to select patients for aspirin treatment. the study will also look at the effect age may have on these mechanisms. The research study procedures include screening for eligibility and study treatment and scheduling two clinical research visits immediately before and after intervention with the study drug. Participants will be randomized into two groups. * Arm A: Daily Placebo (no aspirin) for the duration of the study. * Arm B: Daily low dose aspirin (81 mg/day) for the duration of the study. Participants may be contacted periodically after the study (no more than 1- 2 times annually) for up to 10 years to follow-up on additional information including any continued aspirin use or follow-up colonoscopy results. It is expected that about 160 people will take part in this research study. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is supporting this research study by providing funding for the research study.
Interventions
DRUGAspirin
Capsule taken orally
OTHERPlacebo
Capsule taken orally
Sponsors
Massachusetts General Hospital
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
Double-Blinded
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participants must have undergone screening or surveillance colonoscopy with removal of at least one adenoma within the last 9 months. * Age greater than or equal to 18 years and less than 55 years or greater than or equal to 65 years at the time of enrollment This study will only include adult participants because colorectal carcinogenesis in children is more likely to be related to a cancer predisposition syndrome with distinct biological mechanisms compared with sporadic colorectal cancer in adults. * ECOG performance status ≤2 (Karnofsky ≥60%, see Appendix A). * Not currently taking aspirin (any dose) within the last 6 months. * The effects of aspirin on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
Exclusion criteria
* Use of any non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) at any dose at least three times a week during the two months prior to randomization. * Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, liver or kidney disease, bleeding diathesis. * Any prior diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer (including esophageal, small intestine, colon, pancreatic), or any diagnosis of other cancers (with the exception of non-melanoma skin) in which there has been any active treatment within the last three years. * Participants who are receiving any other investigational agents. * History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to aspirin. * Known diagnosis of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) or Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC, Lynch Syndrome). * Any adenoma that was not completely removed during previous colonoscopy. * History of aspirin intolerance, bleeding diathesis, peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleed, endoscopic complications, or contraindication to colonoscopy. * Inability or unwillingness to abstain from non-protocol use of aspirin or NSAIDs or to provide blood, urine, or stool samples or colon biopsies during the study. * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements * Pregnant or breastfeeding. Pregnant women are excluded from this study because aspirin is an FDA Category D agent with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with aspirin, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with aspirin. * Participant must be able to swallow pills. * Participant is taking any anticoagulant agent (e.g. warfarin) or antiplatelet agent (e.g. clopidogrel).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Intestinal Stem Cell Marker Gene Expression | 2 months | All patients with available pre- and post-treatment samples containing high-quality RNA sequencing reads from at least 1,000 EPCAM+ single cells per time point were included in the analysis. Single cells were clustered according to cell type. The proportion (%) of cells expressing LGR5 (LGR5+), an accepted intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker of cell stemness, among the ISC cluster was calculated for each participant at each time point. The change in proportion of LGR5+ ISCs within each individual in post-treatment samples from pre-treatment samples was calculated. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Urinary PGE-M | 2 months | Comparing change in PGE-M between treatment groups (aspirin and placebo) using a two-sample t-test. |
| Change in Urinary Plasma GDF-15 | 2 months | Comparing change inGDF-15 between aspirin and placebo groups, using a two-sample t-test. |
| ChIP-seq Analysis of Colonic Epithelium | 2 months | Analysis of the ChIP-seq data (\>60 million reads, 50-bp paired end) using the publicly available Cistrome Analysis Pipeline |
| Gene Expression Analysis of Colonic Epithelium | 2 months | RNA-seq sequence data (\> 50 million reads) will be mapped to hg19 through use of TopHat2. |
| Change in Microbiome | 2 months | Aspirin use and dose will be associated with microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using the Biobakery3 computational analysis pipeline. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAndrew T Chan, MD, MPH
Massachusetts General Hospital
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Potentially eligible patients were contacted by letter or directly approached by a treating physician if they were identified as having a recent history of colorectal adenoma by their treating physician or via natural language processing searches of the pathology database at Mass General Brigham. If no response to the letter is received, participants are contacted by phone (unless they have otherwise opted out) by a member of the study team. If interested, they are then screened for eligibility
Pre-assignment details
Participants are screened for eligibility criteria by a member of the study staff and provide written informed consent prior to any research activities. Eligible and consented participants are stratified according to age group: younger (18-55 years of age) or older (65+ years of age), prior to randomization.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 81 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 80 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 59.85093168 years |
| BMI | 27.17 kg/m^2 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 74 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 145 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 80 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 40 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 36 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 | 0 / 41 | 0 / 40 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 16 / 40 | 17 / 40 | 21 / 41 | 17 / 40 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 | 0 / 41 | 0 / 40 |
Outcome results
None listed