Pregnancy Related, Salt; Excess
Conditions
Keywords
salt intake, microcirculation, macrocirculation, endothelium, uteroplacental function, pregnancy, oxidative stress
Brief summary
The main goal of this study is to investigate the association of dietary salt intake during pregnancy with systemic micro- and macrovascular reactivity and uteroplacental vascular function of the mother, and to examine the potential impact of elevated oxidative stress on this association. Also, the aim is to investigate whether there is an association between excessive salt intake during pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy.
Detailed description
During the study pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) will have one study visit during which following procedures will be done: * measurement of maternal systemic microvascular function by Laser Doppler flowmetry (post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside) * measurement of maternal systemic macrovascular function by vascular ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) * measurement of maternal uteroplacental function by ultrasound color Doppler measurement of umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery blood flow * venous blood sampling; serum will be stored for measurement of oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and endocan level * 24-hour urine natriuresis (to estimate daily salt intake) * measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, height and weight, body composition Immediately after the childbirth following procedures will be done: * assessment of pregnancy outcome (duration of pregnancy, child birth weight, child birth length and Apgar score) * placental tissue will be taken and stored for measurement of matrix metalloproteinase 9
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy)
Exclusion criteria
* smoking * prenatal hypertension * thrombophilia * low molecular weight heparin use * coronary heart disease * preconception diabetes * gestational diabetes * renal impairment * cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease * any other preconception disease that could affect vascular and endothelial function
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal systemic microvascular function | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Skin microvascular reactivity assessed by Laser Doppler flowmetry (post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside) - measured in perfusion units (PU) |
| Maternal uteroplacental function | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Ultrasound color Doppler measurement of umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery blood flow |
| Maternal systemic macrovascular function | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Vascular ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Endocan | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | ELISA measurement of serum endocan level - proteoglycan associated with endothelium activation |
| Matrix metalloproteinase 9 | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) (serum) and immediately after childbirth (placental tissue sample) | ELISA measurement of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 level in mother serum and placental tissue sample (taken after childbirth) |
| Pregnancy outcome - duration | the outcome measure will be assessed at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Duration of pregnancy (weeks and days) |
| Pregnancy outcome - birth weight | at one time point immediately after childbirth | Birth weight (in grams) |
| Pregnancy outcome - birth length | at one time point immediately after childbirth | Birth length (in cm) |
| Pregnancy outcome - Apgar score | at one time point immediately after childbirth | Apgar score (in Apgar score scale, a total score of 1 to 10; the higher the score, the better the baby is doing after birth) |
| Oxidative stress - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Measurement of biomarkers of oxidative stress level. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) - biomarker of lipid peroxidation. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body fluid status | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Body fluid status measurement by a four-terminal portable impedance analyzer. Based on the value of skin resistance (Ohm) empirically derived formulas (the original manufacturer's software) will be used to calculate the estimated Total Body Water (TBW L), Extracellular Water (ECW L), Intracellular Water (ICW L), Plasma Fluid (PF L) and Interstitial Fluid (IF L). |
| Body composition | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Body composition and body fluid status measurement by a four-terminal portable impedance analyzer. Based on the value of skin resistance (Ohm) empirically derived formulas (the original manufacturer's software) will be used to calculate the estimated Fat Free Mass (FFM kg) and Fat (Fat Mass kg). |
| Body mass index | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Measurement of BMI (kg/m2) |
| Blood pressure | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Automatic oscillometric measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (in mmHg) |
| Heart rate | at one time point in the third trimester of pregnancy (37-38 weeks of pregnancy) | Automatic oscillometric measurement of heart rate (bpm) |
Countries
Croatia
Contacts
Primary ContactMartina Vulin, MD
Outcome results
None listed