Compliant Behavior, Self-Control, Impulsive Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
Episodic future thinking, Compassion, Impulsivity, Self-control, Pandemic, Public Health
Brief summary
During the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, public health departments have issued guidelines to limit viral transmission. In this environment, people will feel urges to engage in activities that violate these guidelines, but research on guideline adherence has been reliant on surveys asking people to self-report their typical behaviour, which may fail to capture these urges as they unfold. Guideline adherence could be improved through behaviour change interventions, but considering the wide range of behaviours that COVID-19 guidelines prescribe, there are few methods that allow observing changes of aggregate guideline adherence in the 'wild'. In order to administer interventions and to obtain contemporaneous data on a wide range of behaviours, the researchers use ecological momentary assessment. In this preregistered parallel randomised trial, 95 participants aged 18-65 from the United Kingdom were assigned to three conditions using blinded block randomisation, and engage in episodic future thinking (n = 33), compassion exercises (n = 31), or a sham procedure (n = 31) and report regularly on the intensity of their occurrent urges (min. 1, max. 10) and their ability to control them. The researchers investigate whether state impulsivity and vaccine attitudes predict guideline adherence, while assessing through which mechanism these predictors affect behaviour.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEpisodic Future Thinking
Participants are invited to imagine themselves in a positive situation after COVID-19 public health restrictions and guidelines are lifted. They are then reminded that their actions are able to change how soon this future can be achieved.
BEHAVIORALCompassion Training
Participants are invited to imagine themselves in someone else's situation, who is in a bad situation due to COVID-19 (e.g., ER nurse, family of someone in ICU). They are then reminded that their decisions have an impact on the occurrence of these situations.
BEHAVIORALSham
Participants are invited to reflect on some COVID-19 related news, and reminded that their actions have bearing on the COVID-19 situation.
Sponsors
Martin & Loreto Hosking's Three Springs Foundation
Australian Research Council
Monash University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Participants were not made aware whether they were in the control group or in one of the intervention groups.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Resides in the United Kingdom * Fluent in English * Must pass attention check in eligibility survey
Exclusion criteria
* Less than 50% compliance with ecological momentary assessment surveys
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Average strength of urges in ecological momentary assessment surveys | Multiple times per day, for one week. | Throughout each day, participants would receive 5 ecological momentary assessment surveys that were available for 1 hour. In randomised order, they were asked whether since the last survey they had felt an urge to not wash their hands, not cover their mouths when coughing or sneezing, not socially distance (e.g. to hug, shake hands), not leave details for contact tracing, or whether they had felt an urge to leave their house, touch their face, or avoid getting tested when it would have been better to do the opposite - from a COVID-19 standpoint. Participants responded using a slider \[0,10\], where 0 indicated no urge, 1 indicated a very weak urge, and 10 indicated a very strong urge. |
| Average probability of controlling urges in ecological momentary assessment surveys | Multiple times per day, for one week. | Throughout each day, participants would receive 5 ecological momentary assessment surveys that were available for 1 hour. In randomised order, they were asked whether since the last survey they had felt an urge to not wash their hands, not cover their mouths when coughing or sneezing, not socially distance (e.g. to hug, shake hands), not leave details for contact tracing, or whether they had felt an urge to leave their house, touch their face, or avoid getting tested when it would have been better to do the opposite - from a COVID-19 standpoint. Participants responded using a slider \[0,10\], where 0 indicated no urge, 1 indicated a very weak urge, and 10 indicated a very strong urge. Following that urge, participants are asked whether they gave in to that urge. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Average number of resisted urges | Multiple times per day, for one week. | Throughout each day, participants would receive 5 ecological momentary assessment surveys that were available for 1 hour. In randomised order, they were asked whether since the last survey they had felt an urge to not wash their hands, not cover their mouths when coughing or sneezing, not socially distance (e.g. to hug, shake hands), not leave details for contact tracing, or whether they had felt an urge to leave their house, touch their face, or avoid getting tested when it would have been better to do the opposite - from a COVID-19 standpoint. Participants responded using a slider \[0,10\], where 0 indicated no urge, 1 indicated a very weak urge, and 10 indicated a very strong urge. Following that urge, participants are asked whether they tried to resist that urge. |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed