Cytokines, Hormones
Conditions
Brief summary
: Resistance training induces strength gains in both children and adolescents. Exercise training is linked to anabolic functions through the GH-IGF-I axis. This has been demonstrated in studies showing a higher activity of GH and IGF-I in fitter adolescents and adults. Exercise also stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) that suppress the GH-IGF-I axis. This has been observed in endurance-type training, while resistance training has received less attention. Boys experience a significant physiological muscle-growth change during puberty that is associated with increases in boys androgen levels. How maturation affects the hormonal response to resistance training in boys is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to compare the acute effects of a single bout of resistance training on hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-pubertal and pubertal boys.
Detailed description
Preliminary measurements: Preliminary testing will include anthropometric measurements of body mass, height, body fat percentage, and lean leg volume (LLV). The maturation stage will be determined according to the Tanner scale. There will also be an assessment of maximal strength testing to determine exercise intensity for each individual. Two familiarization sessions will be conducted for muscular strength before the muscular strength testing session. Main trial A venous blood sample will be collected pre-exercise at resting condition. The trial will start with a standardized warm-up followed by a short (20-30 min), high-intensity whole-body resistance training session. Venous blood samples will be collected immediately after the completion of the training session and during the recovery period.
Interventions
OTHERResistance Training
Both groups will perform a resistance training session consisted of 10 reps x 3 set of upper- and lower-body resistance exercises.
Sponsors
Umeå University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
9 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy boys (n=40) * Physically active, defined as a minimum of 2 years experience in a sports club * Biological age range: 20 pre-pubertal (Tanner I-II) - 20 pubertal (Tanner III-IV) boys * No previous experience of structured resistance training
Exclusion criteria
* Chronic diseases that affect full participation * Injuries that limit full participation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Growth Hormone Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone |
| Change from Baseline Growth Hormone Post exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone |
| Change from Baseline Growth Hormone 15 minutes post exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone |
| Change from Baseline Growth Hormone 30 minutes post exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone |
| Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 |
| Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Post exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 |
| Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 15 minutes Post exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 |
| Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 30 minutes Post exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-6 Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 |
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 Post Exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 |
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 15 minutes Post Exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 |
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 30 minutes Post Exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 |
| Interleukin-1 alpha Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha |
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha Post Exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha |
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha 15 minutes Post Exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha |
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha 30 minutes Post Exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha |
| Cortisol Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of Cortisol |
| Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Post Exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
| Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 15 minutes Post Exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
| Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 30 minutes Post Exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
| Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin |
| Change from Baseline Baseline Sex Hormone Binding Post Exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin |
| Change from Baseline Baseline Sex Hormone Binding 15 minutes Post Exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin |
| Change from Baseline Sex Hormone Binding Globulin 30 minutes Post Exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
| Change from Baseline Cortisol Post exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of Cortisol |
| Change from Baseline Cortisol 15 minutes Post exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of Cortisol |
| Change from Baseline Cortisol 30 minutes Post exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of Cortisol |
| Testosterone Baseline | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | Blood concentration of testosterone |
| Change from Baseline Testosterone Post Exercise | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | Blood concentration of testosterone |
| Change from Baseline Testosterone 15 minutes Post Exercise | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | Blood concentration of testosterone |
| Change from Baseline Testosterone 30 minutes Post Exercise | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | Blood concentration of testosterone |
Countries
Sweden
Contacts
Primary ContactApostolos Theos, PhD
Outcome results
None listed