Covid19, Vaccine Refusal
Conditions
Keywords
Latinx, African American, COVID-19, Community-based participatory research
Brief summary
The United States (U.S.) is the country with the largest number of infections and deaths due to COVID- 19 and racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. Acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines will be instrumental to ending the pandemic. To this end, 2VIDA! (SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Intervention Delivery for Adults in Southern California) is a multilevel intervention to address individual, social, and contextual factors related to access to, and acceptance of, the COVID-19 vaccine by implementing and assessing a COVID-19 vaccination protocol among Latino and African American (AA) adults (\>18 years old) in San Diego. 2VIDA! builds on our previous CBPR efforts and centers on conducting COVID-19 Individual awareness and education, linkages to medical and supportive services, and Community Outreach and Health Promotion in the intervention sites (Phase 1); and offering the COVID-19 vaccine to Latino and AA adults (\>18 years old) in federally-qualified health centers and pop-up vaccination stations in communities highly impacted by the pandemic and identifying individual and structural barriers to COVID-19 immunization (Phase 2).
Detailed description
As of January 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 89 million cases of COVID-19 (SARS- CoV-2) have been confirmed and have resulted in more than 1.9 million deaths globally. Currently, the United States (U.S.) is the country with the largest number of infections and deaths due to COVID-19, with a total of 22 million infections and 373,167 deaths. Furthermore, early findings that have examined COVID-19 demographics show that racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. are bearing a disproportionate number of COVID-19 cases and deaths irrespective of geographic region. While there's no evidence that people of color (POC) have genetic or biological factors that make them more likely to be affected by COVID-19, they are more likely to have underlying health conditions, live in multi-generational homes, live in densely populated areas, have limited access to healthcare, and have jobs that are considered essential and involve interaction with the public. All of these factors contribute to higher rates of infection and adverse outcomes due to COVID-19. Although COVID-19 preventive behaviors such as hand washing, mask wearing, and social distancing have been shown to be effective in curbing the spread of the virus, acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines will be instrumental to ending the pandemic. However, public confidence in vaccination is fragile, especially among racial and ethnic minorities. To this end, we have formed an intervention working group comprised of representatives from community and academic organizations to address challenges in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Latino and African American (AA) communities in Southern California by using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach. Project 2VIDA! (SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Intervention Delivery for Adults in Southern California), is a multilevel intervention to address individual, social, and contextual factors related to access to, and acceptance of, the COVID-19 vaccine among Latino and AA adults (\>18 years old) across six highly affected communities in Southeast San Diego. 2VIDA! seeks to implement and assess a COVID-19 vaccination protocol to increase interest and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine, provide COVID-19 vaccines in the community, and establish a model for the rapid vaccination of Latino and AA adults that could be generalizable to other highly affected communities. 2VIDA! builds on our previous CBPR efforts and centers on conducting COVID-19 community outreach and health promotion, Individual awareness and education, and linkages to medical and supportive services and offering the COVID-19 vaccine to Latino and AA adults (\>18 years old) in community health centers (CHC) and mini-vaccination stations in communities highly impacted by the pandemic in San Diego County.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCOVID-19 Individual Awareness and Education.
The 2VIDA! working group has developed culturally competent COVID-19 educational and outreach materials (available printed and electronically) in English and Spanish that are written at the 8th grade level (the average reading level of adults in the United States) that peer-health educators will distributed to community members during their visits to the participating SYH community centers, door-to-door, local supermarkets, and CBO's in the selected communities. These materials have general information on COVID-19 as well as educational information and resources regarding COVID-19 prevention, symptoms, testing, contact tracing, COVID-19 vaccine (how it works, technology used, administration \[2-dose series and importance of vaccine completion\]), safety concerns, benefits, dispelling common misconceptions and misinformation, and other topics identified based on community needs. This information will be updated monthly to ensure the most up to date information.
BEHAVIORALCOVID-19 Community Outreach & Health Promotion.
Peer-health educators will work with local CBO's and facilitate a combination of live broadcast sessions, pre-recorded webinars, social media posts, and other outreach activities in English and Spanish reaching community members with information on the above COVID-19 related topics as well as other identified needs such as what to do if a family member is infected and where you can get the COVID-19 vaccine. The goal is to reach 10,000 viewers (per session) in the various social media platforms in the three randomly selected communities.
BEHAVIORALCOVID-19 Individual Health Education & Linkages to Medical and Supportive Services.
SYHealth will establish a COVID-19 Resource Center within the participating health centers in the three randomly selected communities (intervention sites only) providing individual COVID-19 related health education and linkages to medical and supportive services for patients and community members in need of additional education and support regarding COVID-19 disease and COVID-19 vaccine.
BIOLOGICALPop-up community vaccination sites
We will offer the COVID-19 vaccine at the participating SYHealth community health centers and pop-up vaccination stations that will be set-up in these communities (intervention sites) as part of the interventions efforts to increase access and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have identified various open spaces (e.g., public parks) in these communities to set-up the vaccination stations. Additionally, data will be collected to assess individual, social, and contextual factors related to access, acceptance, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine.The survey will last approximately 10-15 minutes and will be self-administered in both English and Spanish. Following the survey participants will be offered the COVID-19 vaccine and will be made an automatic appointment for the 2nd dose (4-week follow-up) and will be asked to complete a 5 min survey during the follow-up visit.
Sponsors
San Ysidro Health Center
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
Britt Skaathun
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* age 16 years or older * identify as Latinx and/or AA * biologically male or female * be a resident of one of the six communities selected for this study (National City, Lincoln Park, Logan Heights, Valencia Park, Chula Vista or San Ysidro) * literate in English or Spanish * no known history of severe allergic reactions to any components of the vaccine * no history of immune disease * not be pregnant * no plans to move from the area in the following 30 days * able to provide voluntary informed consent * able to provide complete contact information for themselves and two additional contact individuals (for follow-up 2nd vaccine shot)
Exclusion criteria
* under 16 years old * pregnant women * individuals unable to consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline (current), and follow-up (4-weeks) | Based on the definition of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (WG), hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services. Vaccine hesitancy is complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines. It is influenced by factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Self-assessed probability and susceptibility to of contracting COVID-19 and self-assessed severity in case of contracting COVID-19. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). |
| Change in Health Literacy | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Assessment of ease/difficulty in finding information on symptoms, finding out what to do if infected, understand what authorities say, judge reliability of information, follow recommendations, decide on prevention behaviors. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). |
| Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Self-assessed COVID-19 self-protection and avoidance ability. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). |
| Access to Health Care and Utilization | Baseline (current) | Type of insurance was assessed. (Adapted from the National Health Interview Survey 2020) |
| Health History | Baseline | History of having medical conditions that could exacerbate COVID-19 infection including: type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart conditions (e.g., coronary artery disease), obesity (e.g., body mass index of 30kg/m2 or higher but \<40km/m2), severe obesity (e.g., BMI \>40 kg/m2), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking. Ever told by a medical provider they had a chronic illness |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Trust in information sources including television, newspaper, health workers, social media, radio, health department, CDC, hotlines, official websites, and celebrities. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). How much do you trust information about COVID-19 from the following sources? |
| Frequency of Information | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Frequency in information. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). |
| Use of Sources of Information | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Use of information sources including television, newspaper, health workers, social media, radio, health department, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hotlines, official websites, and celebrities. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). How often do you use the following sources for information about COVID-19? |
| Affect | Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks) | Affect related to COVID-19 including: close, spreading, constant, fear-inducing, media hyped, helpless, stressful, etc. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). From Close to me (0) to Far away from me (7) From Spreading slowly (0) to Spreading fast (7) From Something I think about all the time (0) to Something I almost never think about (7) From Fear-inducing (0) to Not fear-inducing (7) From Media hyped (0) Not media hyped (7) From Something that makes me feel helpless (0) to Something I am able to combat with my own action (7) From Stressful (0) to Not stressful (7) Please drag and drop the slider to the statements below that best represents how you feel. There are no right or wrong answers. COVID-19 to me feels: |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Intervention We conducted a 2-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 1,051 Latino and African American adults (≥18 years) from six communities and affiliated community health centers (CHCs). Participants were randomized to either the 2VIDA! intervention group (n=517; 3 CHCs) or control (standard of care; n=534; 3 CHCs).
The 2VIDA! intervention included four components: (1) COVID-19 Individual Awareness and Education, (2) COVID-19 Community Outreach and Health Promotion, (3) Individual Health Education and Linkages to Services, and (4) Pop-up Vaccination Stations.
COVID-19 Individual Awareness & Education: Peer-health educators distributed culturally competent, bilingual (English/Spanish) COVID-19 materials at community centers, door-to-door, local markets, and CBOs. Materials covered prevention, symptoms, testing, vaccines, and debunking myths, and were updated monthly.
Community Outreach & Health Promotion: Educators partnered with CBOs to deliver live sessions, webinars, and social media outreach on COVID-19 topics, aiming to reach 10,000 viewers per session in each intervention community.
Individual Health Education & Linkages: COVID-19 Resource Centers were set up at intervention CHCs to offer personalized education and referrals to medical/support services.
Pop-up Vaccination Sites: COVID-19 vaccines were offered at CHCs and temporary community sites in intervention areas to improve access and uptake. | 517 |
| Standard of Care The standard of care for vaccine delivery at the control sites. This includes individuals who make an appointment on their own or receive the vaccine at a health center and may receive information about the vaccine from their primary healthcare provider. | 534 |
| Total | 1,051 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Intervention | Standard of Care | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 67 Participants | 149 Participants | 216 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 449 Participants | 382 Participants | 831 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 43.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.9 | 52.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.4 | 48.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.8 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity AI/AN/Asian/NH/PI | 6 Participants | 11 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Black or African American | 34 Participants | 29 Participants | 63 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Don't know/Refuse to answer | 4 Participants | 2 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino/a | 460 Participants | 475 Participants | 935 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Multiracial | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity White | 5 Participants | 10 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 517 participants | 534 participants | 1051 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Sex Female | 272 Participants | 358 Participants | 630 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Sex Male | 245 Participants | 174 Participants | 419 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 517 | 0 / 534 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 517 | 0 / 534 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 517 | 0 / 534 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Vaccine Hesitancy
Based on the definition of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (WG), hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services. Vaccine hesitancy is complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines. It is influenced by factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence.
Time frame: Baseline (current), and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Yes | 186 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Yes | 104 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | No | 235 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | No | 153 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | No | 282 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Yes | 109 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | No | 230 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | No | 186 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Agree | 61 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Yes | 125 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Yes | 83 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | No | 214 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Agree | 282 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | No | 256 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 305 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Yes | 41 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | No | 253 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | No | 298 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Yes | 165 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Yes | 131 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Yes | 58 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | No | 281 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Yes | 38 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Yes | 28 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | No | 208 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | No | 311 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | No | 301 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Yes | 36 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | No | 303 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Disagree or Neutral | 57 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | No | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | No | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Yes | 36 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Agree | 274 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Disagree or Neutral | 65 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | No | 303 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | No | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Disagree or Neutral | 278 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | No | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Yes | 153 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Agree | 50 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Disagree or Neutral | 289 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | No | 256 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | No | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Agree | 34 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Yes | 86 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | No | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Agree | 34 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Yes | 75 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 305 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | No | 264 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | No | 174 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Yes | 65 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Yes | 83 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | No | 274 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Yes | 100 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Yes | 57 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | No | 239 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Agree | 85 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Agree | 46 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | No | 176 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Yes | 85 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | No | 383 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Yes | 80 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Yes | 109 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | No | 370 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Agree | 387 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Yes | 220 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | No | 215 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Yes | 259 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Yes | 157 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | No | 278 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | Yes | 204 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on Health Department guidance | No | 231 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | Yes | 72 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | No | 363 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on proven long-term safety | No | 350 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Yes | 28 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | No | 407 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on its use in other countries. | Yes | 52 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Yes | 119 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | No | 316 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | Yes | 117 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my risk of infection at the time | No | 318 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | No | 355 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Disagree or Neutral | 69 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on how easy it is to access. | No | 326 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Yes | 112 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | No | 323 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | Yes | 126 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on whether it's free of charge | No | 309 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Yes | 37 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | No | 398 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision depends on whether vaccines help end movement and gathering limits | Yes | 65 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Yes | 27 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | No | 408 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | Yes | 51 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on other factors (please specify) | No | 384 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Disagree or Neutral | 48 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | No | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Agree | 366 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: I believe a vaccine can help control the spread of COVID-19 | No | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Disagree or Neutral | 350 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | No | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Agree | 54 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Disagree or Neutral | 381 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: If I knew I had been infected with COVID-19 before, I would not get the vaccine. | No | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 389 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Baseline: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | No | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Agree | 32 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 403 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | Yes | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | Follow-up: When everyone else is vaccinated against COVID-19, then I don't have to get vaccinated. | No | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Disagree or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Yes | 51 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | No | 384 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | Yes | 54 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Follow-up) The country where the COVID-19 vaccine is made affects my decision to get vaccinated. | No | 381 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Vaccine Hesitancy | (Baseline) My decision to get the COVID-19 vaccine depends on my family doctor's recommendation | Agree | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Access to Health Care and Utilization
Type of insurance was assessed. (Adapted from the National Health Interview Survey 2020)
Time frame: Baseline (current)
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Government Funding | 126 Participants |
| Intervention | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Private insurance (through your work)/Parents | 80 Participants |
| Intervention | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Self-pay, out of pocket/I don't have any type of health insurance | 120 Participants |
| Intervention | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Other/Don't know/Refuse to answer | 13 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Other/Don't know/Refuse to answer | 7 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Government Funding | 339 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Self-pay, out of pocket/I don't have any type of health insurance | 47 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Access to Health Care and Utilization | Private insurance (through your work)/Parents | 42 Participants |
Secondary
Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity)
Self-assessed probability and susceptibility to of contracting COVID-19 and self-assessed severity in case of contracting COVID-19. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance).
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Severe | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Severe | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Likely | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Likely | 160 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Severe | 54 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Likely | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 285 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Likely | 165 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Severe | 57 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 179 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 282 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 174 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 348 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 235 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 348 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Likely | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Likely | 222 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 213 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Severe | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Likely | 200 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Severe | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How likely do you think are your chances of getting sick with COVID-19? | Not severe or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Likely | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Baseline) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Severe | 87 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Unlikely or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in COVID-19 Risk Perception (Probability and Severity) | (Follow-up) How seriously sick do you think you will be if you got COVID-19? | Severe | 87 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Health Literacy
Assessment of ease/difficulty in finding information on symptoms, finding out what to do if infected, understand what authorities say, judge reliability of information, follow recommendations, decide on prevention behaviors. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance).
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Easy | 274 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 95 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 65 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Easy | 174 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Easy | 266 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Difficult or Neutral | 74 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 73 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Difficult or Neutral | 165 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Easy | 277 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Easy | 254 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 62 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Easy | 241 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Easy | 251 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Easy | 265 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Difficult or Neutral | 88 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Difficult or Neutral | 98 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Easy | 265 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 85 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Difficult or Neutral | 74 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Easy | 266 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Easy | 271 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Easy | 244 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Difficult or Neutral | 68 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Difficult or Neutral | 73 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Easy | 280 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Easy | 146 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Difficult or Neutral | 59 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Easy | 278 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Easy | 261 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Easy | 258 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Difficult or Neutral | 78 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 61 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Easy | 269 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Difficult or Neutral | 193 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Difficult or Neutral | 70 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Difficult or Neutral | 81 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Difficult or Neutral | 80 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Easy | 323 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Difficult or Neutral | 112 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Easy | 337 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to find the COVID-19 information you need? | Difficult or Neutral | 98 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Easy | 309 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 126 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Easy | 337 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand what to do if you think you have COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 98 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Easy | 224 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Difficult or Neutral | 211 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Easy | 223 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to judge if COVID-19 info in the media is reliable? | Difficult or Neutral | 212 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Easy | 318 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Difficult or Neutral | 117 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Easy | 350 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand COVID-19 rules and recommendations from authorities? | Difficult or Neutral | 85 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Easy | 355 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 80 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Easy | 372 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations to protect yourself from COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 63 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Easy | 357 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 78 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Easy | 365 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to stay home from work or school due to COVID-19? | Difficult or Neutral | 70 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Easy | 341 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Difficult or Neutral | 94 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Easy | 356 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow recommendations on when to stay home from work or school? | Difficult or Neutral | 79 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Easy | 351 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Difficult or Neutral | 84 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Easy | 360 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to understand when to engage in social activities or avoid them? | Difficult or Neutral | 75 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Easy | 341 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Baseline) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Difficult or Neutral | 94 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Health Literacy | (Follow-up) How easy is it to follow advice on when to engage in or avoid social activities? | Easy | 355 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy
Self-assessed COVID-19 self-protection and avoidance ability. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance).
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Easy | 161 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Not very much or at all | 94 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Difficult or Neutral | 178 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Very much | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Not very much or at all | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Easy | 161 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Difficult or Neutral | 178 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Very much | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Not very much or at all | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Easy | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Difficult or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Very much | 249 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Not very much or at all | 90 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Easy | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Difficult or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Intervention | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Very much | 245 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Very much | 320 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Easy | 238 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Not very much or at all | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Not very much or at all | 115 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Not very much or at all | 129 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Difficult or Neutral | 197 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Easy | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Very much | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Difficult or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Not very much or at all | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Difficult or Neutral | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Easy | 257 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Easy | 0 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Difficult or Neutral | 178 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Baseline) I know how to protect myself from coronavirus | Very much | 306 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Change in Preparedness and Perceived Self-efficacy | (Follow-up) I feel that avoiding an infection with COVID-19 in the current situation is… | Very much | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Health History
History of having medical conditions that could exacerbate COVID-19 infection including: type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart conditions (e.g., coronary artery disease), obesity (e.g., body mass index of 30kg/m2 or higher but \<40km/m2), severe obesity (e.g., BMI \>40 kg/m2), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking. Ever told by a medical provider they had a chronic illness
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Ever told by a medical provider they had a chronic illness
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Health History | Yes | 161 Participants |
| Intervention | Health History | No | 149 Participants |
| Intervention | Health History | Don't know/Refuse to answer | 29 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Health History | Yes | 320 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Health History | No | 97 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Health History | Don't know/Refuse to answer | 18 Participants |
Other Pre-specified
Affect
Affect related to COVID-19 including: close, spreading, constant, fear-inducing, media hyped, helpless, stressful, etc. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). From Close to me (0) to Far away from me (7) From Spreading slowly (0) to Spreading fast (7) From Something I think about all the time (0) to Something I almost never think about (7) From Fear-inducing (0) to Not fear-inducing (7) From Media hyped (0) Not media hyped (7) From Something that makes me feel helpless (0) to Something I am able to combat with my own action (7) From Stressful (0) to Not stressful (7) Please drag and drop the slider to the statements below that best represents how you feel. There are no right or wrong answers. COVID-19 to me feels:
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Close to me (0-7) Far away from me | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Spreading slowly (0-7) Spreading fast | 4.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Always on my mind (0-7) Rarely on my mind | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Fear-inducing (0-7) Not fear-inducing | 3.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Media hyped (0-7) Not media hyped | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Makes me feel helpless (0-7) I can combat it with my actions | 4.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Intervention | Affect | Baseline: Stressful (0-7) Not stressful | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Close to me (0-7) Far away from me | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Spreading slowly (0-7) Spreading fast | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Something I think about all the time (0-7) Something I almost never think about | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Fear-inducing (0-7) Not fear-inducing | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Media hyped (0-7) Not media hyped | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Feel helpless (0-7) Can act to combat it | 4.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Intervention | Affect | Follow-up: Stressful (0-7) Not stressful | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Fear-inducing (0-7) Not fear-inducing | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Close to me (0-7) Far away from me | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Always on my mind (0-7) Rarely on my mind | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Close to me (0-7) Far away from me | 4.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Spreading slowly (0-7) Spreading fast | 4.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Feel helpless (0-7) Can act to combat it | 4.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Spreading slowly (0-7) Spreading fast | 4.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Fear-inducing (0-7) Not fear-inducing | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Media hyped (0-7) Not media hyped | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Media hyped (0-7) Not media hyped | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Something I think about all the time (0-7) Something I almost never think about | 4.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Makes me feel helpless (0-7) I can combat it with my actions | 4.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Follow-up: Stressful (0-7) Not stressful | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Standard of Care | Affect | Baseline: Stressful (0-7) Not stressful | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
Other Pre-specified
Frequency of Information
Frequency in information. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance).
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Frequency of Information | (Follow-up) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Often | 72 Participants |
| Intervention | Frequency of Information | (Baseline) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Not often or never | 251 Participants |
| Intervention | Frequency of Information | (Follow-up) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Not often or never | 267 Participants |
| Intervention | Frequency of Information | (Baseline) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Often | 88 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Frequency of Information | (Follow-up) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Not often or never | 333 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Frequency of Information | (Baseline) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Not often or never | 334 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Frequency of Information | (Follow-up) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Often | 102 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Frequency of Information | (Baseline) How often do you seek information about COVID-19? | Often | 101 Participants |
Other Pre-specified
Trust in Sources of Information
Trust in information sources including television, newspaper, health workers, social media, radio, health department, CDC, hotlines, official websites, and celebrities. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). How much do you trust information about COVID-19 from the following sources?
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Little trust or neutral | 169 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Trust | 133 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Little trust or neutral | 128 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Little trust or neutral | 49 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities and social media influencers | Trust | 66 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Trust | 186 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Trust | 158 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Little trust or neutral | 181 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Trust | 289 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Little trust or neutral | 50 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Social media | Trust | 104 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Social media | Little trust or neutral | 235 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Little trust or neutral | 206 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Department | Trust | 294 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Department | Little trust or neutral | 45 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Trust | 280 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Little trust or neutral | 59 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities and social media influencers | Trust | 57 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities and social media influencers | Little trust or neutral | 282 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Trust | 266 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Little trust or neutral | 73 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Trust | 239 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Little trust or neutral | 100 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Trust | 243 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Little trust or neutral | 96 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Trust | 211 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Trust | 171 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Little trust or neutral | 168 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Trust | 301 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Little trust or neutral | 38 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Trust | 106 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Little trust or neutral | 233 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Trust | 170 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Little trust or neutral | 153 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Trust | 290 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Little trust or neutral | 49 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Trust | 290 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities and social media influencers | Little trust or neutral | 273 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Trust | 288 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Little trust or neutral | 51 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Trust | 267 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Little trust or neutral | 72 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Trust | 275 Participants |
| Intervention | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Little trust or neutral | 64 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Little trust or neutral | 256 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Social media | Little trust or neutral | 309 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Little trust or neutral | 133 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Little trust or neutral | 121 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Trust | 272 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Trust | 309 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Trust | 378 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Little trust or neutral | 68 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Little trust or neutral | 126 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Little trust or neutral | 98 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Trust | 269 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Little trust or neutral | 166 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Little trust or neutral | 163 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Trust | 160 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Little trust or neutral | 57 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Little trust or neutral | 275 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Trust | 191 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Trust | 388 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Little trust or neutral | 132 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Little trust or neutral | 47 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Little trust or neutral | 244 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Social media | Trust | 126 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Trust | 367 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Trust | 164 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Trust | 371 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Little trust or neutral | 271 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities and social media influencers | Trust | 98 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Department | Trust | 386 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Little trust or neutral | 64 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Department | Little trust or neutral | 49 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Trust | 302 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Trust | 375 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Trust | 143 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Little trust or neutral | 60 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities and social media influencers | Little trust or neutral | 337 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities and social media influencers | Trust | 97 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Little trust or neutral | 292 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities and social media influencers | Little trust or neutral | 338 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Trust | 303 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Trust | 347 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Trust | 179 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Little trust or neutral | 88 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Trust | 337 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Trust in Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Trust | 314 Participants |
Other Pre-specified
Use of Sources of Information
Use of information sources including television, newspaper, health workers, social media, radio, health department, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hotlines, official websites, and celebrities. (Adapted from the WHO COVID-19 Survey Tool and Guidance). How often do you use the following sources for information about COVID-19?
Time frame: Baseline and follow-up (4-weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Not often or never | 195 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Often | 127 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Socia Media | Often | 96 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Not often or never | 176 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Not often or never | 172 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Often | 117 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Socia Media | Not often or never | 243 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Not often or never | 222 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Often | 89 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Often | 41 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Not often or never | 298 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Not often or never | 212 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Often | 201 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health department | Often | 204 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Not often or never | 138 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Not often or never | 149 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Often | 76 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Often | 49 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Not often or never | 263 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Often | 190 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Often | 70 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Often | 143 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Not often or never | 269 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities or social media influencers | Often | 47 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Often | 193 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Not often or never | 290 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Not often or never | 146 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities or social media influencers | Not often or never | 292 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Often | 167 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Not often or never | 250 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities or social media influencers | Often | 39 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Often | 170 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities or social media influencers | Not often or never | 300 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Often | 189 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Often | 160 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Not often or never | 169 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Not often or never | 179 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Often | 163 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Often | 130 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Often | 144 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Not often or never | 209 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Not often or never | 150 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Not often or never | 196 Participants |
| Intervention | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health department | Not often or never | 135 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Not often or never | 254 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Socia Media | Not often or never | 321 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Not often or never | 348 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Not often or never | 185 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Not often or never | 181 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: National COVID-19 information website | Often | 181 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Often | 49 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Often | 211 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Television | Not often or never | 224 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Often | 60 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Newspapers | Not often or never | 375 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Often | 291 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health Workers | Not often or never | 144 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Socia Media | Often | 114 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Radio | Often | 87 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health department | Often | 270 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Health department | Not often or never | 165 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: CDC | Often | 250 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities or social media influencers | Often | 60 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: Celebrities or social media influencers | Not often or never | 375 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Often | 236 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: WHO | Not often or never | 199 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Often | 192 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: COVID-19 Hotlines | Not often or never | 243 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Often | 206 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Baseline: National COVID-19 information website | Not often or never | 229 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Often | 192 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Television | Not often or never | 243 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Newspapers | Not often or never | 386 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Often | 289 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health workers | Not often or never | 146 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Often | 95 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Social media | Not often or never | 340 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Often | 83 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Radio | Not often or never | 352 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Often | 275 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Health department | Not often or never | 160 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: CDC | Often | 254 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities or social media influencers | Often | 56 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: Celebrities or social media influencers | Not often or never | 379 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Often | 221 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: WHO | Not often or never | 214 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Often | 164 Participants |
| Standard of Care | Use of Sources of Information | Follow-up: COVID-19 Hotlines | Not often or never | 271 Participants |