Healthy Aging
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a single-arm longitudinal feasibility study for older adults that involves a 12-week home-based Tai Chi program and includes four remote and/or in-person data collection visits. The investigators will collect additional clinical data in a subset of participants who agree to undergo additional assessments in the Motion Analysis Laboratory at the Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston, MA during two in-person data collection sessions. The investigators will assess feasibility and acceptability of the Tele-Tai Chi intervention; explore changes in clinically relevant outcome measures including: physical activity, self-efficacy, quality of life, balance, and gait; and evaluate longitudinal changes in Tai Chi proficiency.
Detailed description
The overall goal of the study is to test the delivery of a novel Tele-Tai Chi (TC) intervention in a single-arm feasibility study for community-dwelling TC-naïve older adults. The investigators will assess feasibility and acceptability of the Tele-TC intervention and its specific components through both qualitative and quantitative feedback, as well as the systematic tracking of adherence data to inform future trials and potential clinical use of the Tele-TC system. The investigators will also explore changes in outcome measures including physical activity, self-efficacy, quality of life, and gait, and evaluate changes in TC proficiency. Over the course of the 12-week program, participants will be assessed 4 times (baseline, two follow-up assessments at 4 and 8 weeks respectively, and a final assessment at 12 weeks). Study volunteers will be instructed to train on their own at least three times a week and to participate in 1:1 live sessions with TC instructors two or more times during the study period.
Interventions
DEVICETele-Tai Chi
12-week simplified TC program using the Tele-TC platform at home, with recommended training sessions at least three times a week, and two or more supplementary live sessions.
Sponsors
Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Men and women between 60 and 85 years old * TC naïve (i.e., never practiced TC) * Self-reported ability to walk continuously for 15 minutes without an assistive device * Working email address * Prior experience with and current access to a computer, smart phone or tablet device
Exclusion criteria
* Chronic neuromuscular conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke) * Acute medical conditions requiring hospitalization within the past 6 months or that could interfere with the ability of prospective volunteers to safely participate in the study * Active cancer * Significant musculoskeletal conditions requiring chronic use of pain medication * Cognitive impairment (Diagnosed with dementia (self-reported), or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-Blind score \< 18)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol Adherence | Post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | The percentage of Tai Chi home practice sessions completed by participants. |
| Retention | Through study completion, approximately 12 weeks from the beginning of the study | The percentage of participants who complete the study. |
| System Usability Scale | Post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | The scale is based on a 10-item questionnaire with five response options (from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree) in which participants rate the usability of the system. The scale ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater usability. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | The PROMIS 29 instrument is a 29-item questionnaire assessing each of the following domains: anxiety, depression, fatigue, physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. The minimum score is 4 per domain, except for pain intensity for which the minimum score is 0. The maximum score per domain is 20, except for pain intensity for which the maximum score is 10. For the physical function and the ability to participate in social roles and activities domains a high score is indicative of positive outcome. For the anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain interference, and pain intensity a low score is indicative of positive outcome. |
| Changes From Baseline in Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): self-reported level of physical activity in individuals aged 65 years or older during the previous 7 days. The score accounts for the type of activities performed and the time of performance of each activity. The minimum score is 0. The scale has theoretical maximum value of 864, if subjects spent 24 hours per day over 7 days engaged in vigorous activities. However, as this is not possible, a maximum value of 400 is typically considered as that would correspond to being engage in vigorous activities for 8 hours per day + more moderate activities for 4.5 hours per day. |
| Changes From Baseline in Trail Making Test A/B Scores | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Trail Making Test (TMT): Test to assess executive cognitive function. It has two parts: TMT A (number sequence only) considers visual search, and TMT B (alternating numbers and letters) evaluates executive control. The participant is asked to draw a line between 24 circles randomly arranged on a page that have to be linked in consecutive order. The TMT is scored by how long it takes to complete the test. |
| Changes From Baseline in Self-Efficacy Exercise (SEE) Questionnaire | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Exercise Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SEE): 9-item questionnaire that focuses on the self-efficacy expectations for exercise for older adults. The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 90. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome. |
| Changes From Baseline in Tai Chi Proficiency Scores | Change from Baseline at Post-Intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Tai Chi experts will use video recordings to score proficiency using a developed instrument to score each of the six Tai Chi movements performed by participants. The minimum score is 6. The maximum score is 30 per Tai Chi exercise. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome. The change in Tai Chi proficiency score ranges from -24 to +24. A change equal to 0 represents no change in proficiency. |
| Changes From Baseline in Timed-Up-and-Go | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Timed-Up-and-Go: Test to determine fall risk. The participant is asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turns 180°, walk 3 meters back, and sits back down with back resting against the chair. |
| Changes From Baseline in Timed-Up-and-Go Dual Task | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Dual task Timed-Up-and-Go test: The participant is asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turns 180°, walk 3 meters back, and sits back down with back resting against the chair while counting backwards by three. |
| Changes From Baseline in Single Leg Stance | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Balance on each leg (two trials): The participant is asked to stand on one leg for as long as they can up to a maximum of 30 seconds. |
| Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Shoulder-width Apart | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Balance on both legs with feet shoulder-width apart: The participant is asked to stand with feet shoulder-width apart for about 20 seconds. A sensor positioned at the waist is used to track the displacement of the center of mass during the 20 second data collection (for each task). The root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration data collected using the sensor positioned at the waist is estimated in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions for the middle 15 seconds of each experiment. Data is gathered at baseline and post-intervention and derived for each condition for a total of 4 variables. |
| Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Close to Each Other | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Balance on both legs with feet close to each other: The participant is asked to stand with feet as close as possible (without contact between the feet) for about 20 seconds. A sensor positioned at the waist is used to track the displacement of the center of mass during the 20 second data collection (for each task). The root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration data collected using the sensor positioned at the waist is estimated in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions for the middle 15 seconds of each experiment. Data is gathered at baseline and post-intervention and derived for a total of 4 variables. |
| Normalized-to-height Stride Length | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Study participants will undergo an instrumented gait evaluation. Stride length will be defined as the distance from ipsilateral foot contact to the next ipsilateral foot contact during gait. Normalized-to-height stride length will be derived by computing the stride length using the gait evaluation equipment and dividing such value by the height of the study participant. |
| Stride Time Variability | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Study participants will undergo an instrumented gait evaluation. Stride time will be defined as the time interval between two consecutive foot contacts of the same limb. Stride time variability will be computed as the standard deviation of the stride time estimates derived using the gait evaluation equipment. |
| Changes From Baseline in Activity Level | Baseline and end of intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Physical activity (e.g. number of steps per day) derived using a wrist-worn activity monitor. |
| Changes From Baseline in Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBEST) | Baseline and end of intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | MiniBEST Test: Test to assess dynamic balance. It is a 14-item test scored using a three-level ordinal scale. This test will be performed only in individuals who are willing to be tested in the laboratory (as opposed to via a remote visit). The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 28. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome. |
| Changes From Baseline in Sit-to-Stand Performance | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Sit-to-Stand Test: The participant is asked to stand up from a chair while keeping their arms crossed across their chest and repeat the task as many times as possible during a period of 30 seconds. A higher count of completed repetitions is considered indicative of improved performance. |
| Ease of Use of the Tele-Tai Chi Platform (Qualitative Interview) | Post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Qualitative interview about ease of use of the Tele-Tai Chi platform. The outcome will be the percentage of participants who provide positive feedback regarding the platform's ease of use. |
| Changes From Baseline in Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scores | Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks) | Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC): 16-item self-report measure in which participants rate their balance confidence to perform motor activities. The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 100. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi Tele-Tai Chi intervention
Tele-Tai Chi: 12-week simplified TC program using the Tele-TC platform at home, with recommended training sessions at least three times a week, and two or more supplementary live sessions. | 27 |
| Total | 27 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Tele-Tai Chi |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 21 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 6 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 70 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 26 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 27 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 27 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 21 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 26 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 14 / 26 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 26 |
Outcome results
Primary
Protocol Adherence
The percentage of Tai Chi home practice sessions completed by participants.
Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: All dataset was considered
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Protocol Adherence | 76.81 percentage of session completed | Standard Deviation 37.32 |
Primary
Retention
The percentage of participants who complete the study.
Time frame: Through study completion, approximately 12 weeks from the beginning of the study
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Retention | 100 percentage of subject retained |
Primary
System Usability Scale
The scale is based on a 10-item questionnaire with five response options (from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree) in which participants rate the usability of the system. The scale ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater usability.
Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | System Usability Scale | 87.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.31 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scores
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC): 16-item self-report measure in which participants rate their balance confidence to perform motor activities. The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 100. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete and extreme outliers were eliminated. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scores | 1.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 33.59 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Activity Level
Physical activity (e.g. number of steps per day) derived using a wrist-worn activity monitor.
Time frame: Baseline and end of intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Activity Level | 1044 steps per day | Standard Deviation 2526 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBEST)
MiniBEST Test: Test to assess dynamic balance. It is a 14-item test scored using a three-level ordinal scale. This test will be performed only in individuals who are willing to be tested in the laboratory (as opposed to via a remote visit). The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 28. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome.
Time frame: Baseline and end of intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: Data analysis was limited only to subjects who completed both baseline and post-intervention assessments in the laboratory.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBEST) | 0.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores
The PROMIS 29 instrument is a 29-item questionnaire assessing each of the following domains: anxiety, depression, fatigue, physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. The minimum score is 4 per domain, except for pain intensity for which the minimum score is 0. The maximum score per domain is 20, except for pain intensity for which the maximum score is 10. For the physical function and the ability to participate in social roles and activities domains a high score is indicative of positive outcome. For the anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain interference, and pain intensity a low score is indicative of positive outcome.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Ability to Participate in Social Roles/Activities | -0.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.31 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Anxiety/Fear | 0.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Depression and Sadness | 0.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Fatigue | -0.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.19 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Pain Interference | -0.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.49 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Physical Function | 0.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Sleep Disturbance | -0.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.08 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 29 Scores | Pain Intensity | -0.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.11 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): self-reported level of physical activity in individuals aged 65 years or older during the previous 7 days. The score accounts for the type of activities performed and the time of performance of each activity. The minimum score is 0. The scale has theoretical maximum value of 864, if subjects spent 24 hours per day over 7 days engaged in vigorous activities. However, as this is not possible, a maximum value of 400 is typically considered as that would correspond to being engage in vigorous activities for 8 hours per day + more moderate activities for 4.5 hours per day.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) | 27.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 71.16 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Self-Efficacy Exercise (SEE) Questionnaire
Exercise Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SEE): 9-item questionnaire that focuses on the self-efficacy expectations for exercise for older adults. The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 90. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Self-Efficacy Exercise (SEE) Questionnaire | -12.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.92 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Single Leg Stance
Balance on each leg (two trials): The participant is asked to stand on one leg for as long as they can up to a maximum of 30 seconds.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Single Leg Stance | Left Leg | 1.75 seconds | Standard Deviation 7.67 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Single Leg Stance | Right Leg | 0.73 seconds | Standard Deviation 10.04 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Sit-to-Stand Performance
Sit-to-Stand Test: The participant is asked to stand up from a chair while keeping their arms crossed across their chest and repeat the task as many times as possible during a period of 30 seconds. A higher count of completed repetitions is considered indicative of improved performance.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset is incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Sit-to-Stand Performance | 0.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Tai Chi Proficiency Scores
Tai Chi experts will use video recordings to score proficiency using a developed instrument to score each of the six Tai Chi movements performed by participants. The minimum score is 6. The maximum score is 30 per Tai Chi exercise. Positive changes (i.e., higher scores post-intervention) would represent a positive outcome. The change in Tai Chi proficiency score ranges from -24 to +24. A change equal to 0 represents no change in proficiency.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at Post-Intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Tai Chi Proficiency Scores | 6.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.86 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Timed-Up-and-Go
Timed-Up-and-Go: Test to determine fall risk. The participant is asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turns 180°, walk 3 meters back, and sits back down with back resting against the chair.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Timed-Up-and-Go | 0.00 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Timed-Up-and-Go Dual Task
Dual task Timed-Up-and-Go test: The participant is asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turns 180°, walk 3 meters back, and sits back down with back resting against the chair while counting backwards by three.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Timed-Up-and-Go Dual Task | 0.08 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.78 |
Other Pre-specified
Changes From Baseline in Trail Making Test A/B Scores
Trail Making Test (TMT): Test to assess executive cognitive function. It has two parts: TMT A (number sequence only) considers visual search, and TMT B (alternating numbers and letters) evaluates executive control. The participant is asked to draw a line between 24 circles randomly arranged on a page that have to be linked in consecutive order. The TMT is scored by how long it takes to complete the test.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis. For the analysis of Part A only 24 patients were considered.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Trail Making Test A/B Scores | Part A | -0.24 seconds | Standard Deviation 7.81 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Changes From Baseline in Trail Making Test A/B Scores | Part B | -3.37 seconds | Standard Deviation 35.06 |
Other Pre-specified
Ease of Use of the Tele-Tai Chi Platform (Qualitative Interview)
Qualitative interview about ease of use of the Tele-Tai Chi platform. The outcome will be the percentage of participants who provide positive feedback regarding the platform's ease of use.
Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: All dataset analyzed.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Ease of Use of the Tele-Tai Chi Platform (Qualitative Interview) | 85 percentage of participants |
Other Pre-specified
Normalized-to-height Stride Length
Study participants will undergo an instrumented gait evaluation. Stride length will be defined as the distance from ipsilateral foot contact to the next ipsilateral foot contact during gait. Normalized-to-height stride length will be derived by computing the stride length using the gait evaluation equipment and dividing such value by the height of the study participant.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset is incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Normalized-to-height Stride Length | Normalized Stride Length - Baseline (unitless) | 0.41 unitless | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Normalized-to-height Stride Length | Normalized Stride Length - Post Intervention (unitless) | 0.41 unitless | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
Other Pre-specified
Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Close to Each Other
Balance on both legs with feet close to each other: The participant is asked to stand with feet as close as possible (without contact between the feet) for about 20 seconds. A sensor positioned at the waist is used to track the displacement of the center of mass during the 20 second data collection (for each task). The root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration data collected using the sensor positioned at the waist is estimated in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions for the middle 15 seconds of each experiment. Data is gathered at baseline and post-intervention and derived for a total of 4 variables.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: Data analysis was limited only to subjects who completed in the intervention and completed both baseline and post-intervention assessments. The root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions at the waist sensor was calculated for middle 15 seconds of each experiment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Close to Each Other | AP - Baseline | 60.14 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Close to Each Other | AP - Post Intervention | 60.57 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Close to Each Other | ML - Baseline | 59.93 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 1.18 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Close to Each Other | ML - Post Intervention | 60.35 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
Other Pre-specified
Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Shoulder-width Apart
Balance on both legs with feet shoulder-width apart: The participant is asked to stand with feet shoulder-width apart for about 20 seconds. A sensor positioned at the waist is used to track the displacement of the center of mass during the 20 second data collection (for each task). The root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration data collected using the sensor positioned at the waist is estimated in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions for the middle 15 seconds of each experiment. Data is gathered at baseline and post-intervention and derived for each condition for a total of 4 variables.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis. The root mean square (RMS) value of the acceleration in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions at the waist sensor was calculated for middle 15 seconds of each experiment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Shoulder-width Apart | AP-Baseline | 60.03 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Shoulder-width Apart | AP-Post Intervention | 60.73 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Shoulder-width Apart | ML-Baseline | 60.05 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 1.36 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Postural Sway and Balance on Both Legs With Feet Shoulder-width Apart | ML-Post Intervention | 60.48 millimeters per second squared | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
Other Pre-specified
Stride Time Variability
Study participants will undergo an instrumented gait evaluation. Stride time will be defined as the time interval between two consecutive foot contacts of the same limb. Stride time variability will be computed as the standard deviation of the stride time estimates derived using the gait evaluation equipment.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 12 weeks)
Population: The dataset was incomplete. Participants with missing data were excluded from the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tele-Tai Chi | Stride Time Variability | Stride Time Variability - Baseline | 10.32 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 8.79 |
| Tele-Tai Chi | Stride Time Variability | Stride Time Variability - Discharge | 12.27 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 14.7 |