Breastmilk Collection, Vaginal Infection
Conditions
Keywords
Breastmilk, Vaginal Infection, Immunity properties
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference of breast milk microbiota between mothers with and without vaginal infections during pregnancy.
Detailed description
The maternal microbiota is one of the relevant factors in the development of the infant's immune system, whereby the colonization of microbes in human begins at birth, when the newborn baby is exposed to maternal vaginal, gastrointestinal microbiota and as well as the microbes from the external environment. The neonatal intestine is colonized by symbiotic bacteria can be divided into four main steps; (i) acquisition of maternal vaginal, colonic, and skin flora at birth; (ii) introduction of oral feedings (breastfeeding or formula feeding); (iii) weaning; and (iv) acquisition of complete adult colonization. Breastfeeding is associated with the protection of the infants from either infections or infection-related conditions, such as gastroenteritis, upper and lower respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, urinary tract infection, neonatal septicaemia and necrotizing enterocoltis. The protection is through the combination of action of the breast milk components, such as maternal immunoglobulins, immunocompetent cells, or variety of anti-microbial compounds. Besides that, breast milk also contains prebiotic substances which may selectively stimulate the growth of limited number of beneficial bacteria in the gut. A total number of 100 lactating mothers are needed for this study. Subjects will be recruited from HUSM Kubang Kerian, USM Main Campus Penang, and Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju USM Penang. The subjects will be explained on all related information in the consent form prior to signing. The procedure of collecting sample is hands must be washed before milk expression, and nipples are cleaned with sterile water and alcohol swab. 15mL of fresh breast milk will be collected into a tube and stored at -20℃ until further analyses.
Interventions
OTHERPast history of vaginal Infections
With or without vaginal infection during pregnancy
Sponsors
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Lactating women * Willing to commit throughout the experiment
Exclusion criteria
* Long term medication due to certain illnesses for over 3 months during pregnancy * Gestational diabetes during pregnancy * History of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension in life * BMI before pregnancy above 24.9 * Consuming probiotic product during pregnancy * Consuming probiotic product during lactation period
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Breastmilk microbiota profiles | 6 months | Differences in breastmilk microbiota profiles via pyrosequencing from breastmilk of women with or without history of vaginal infection during pregnancy |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Immuno-modulatory properties of breastmilk | 6 months | Differences in breastmilk concentrations of immunity parameters such as immunoglobulins and cytokines from breastmilk of women with or without history of vaginal infection during pregnancy |
| Antimicrobial properties of breastmilk microbiota | 6 months | Differences in antimicrobial properties against vaginal pathogens using breastmilk of women with or without history of vaginal infection during pregnancy |
Countries
Malaysia
Outcome results
None listed