Dietary Habits
Conditions
Keywords
farmers market, Appalachia, physical activity, fruit and vegetable voucher program
Brief summary
The Tanglewood Trail Walking Program is a well established community health initiative that encourages community members to walk approximately 1 mile to the Whitesburg Farmers Market each Saturday. The study aims to determine if walking to the market with a community health coach results in healthier options being selected at the market when compared to the driving group.
Detailed description
In the summer of 2017, community members of Whitesburg, KY were recruited to join the Tanglewood Trail Walking Program to the Whitesburg farmers market. Each Saturday, participants reported whether or not they walked the 1 mile trail to the farmers market and they reported which fruits and vegetables they purchased. Participants completed questionnaires about fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Participants also provided physical and biological measurements. The ClinicalTrials.gov record for the original trial in 2017 is NCT03495648.
Interventions
Subjects will walk 1 kilometer from a pre-determined point to a local farmer's market.
Sponsors
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Dawn Brewer
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* ability to walk 1 kilometer
Exclusion criteria
* pregnant * institutionalized adults * impaired consent ability * prisoners
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Carotenoid Levels | 3 months | Subjects' carotenoid status will be measured using a carotenoid Raman Spectroscopy to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables increases intake in fruits and vegetables as measured by carotenoid status. |
| Self-reported Fruit Intake | 3 months | Subjects' self-reported fruit intake will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant self-reported fruit intake. |
| Self-reported Vegetable Intake | 3 months | Subjects' self-reported vegetable intake will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant self-reported vegetable intake. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol Levels | 3 months | Subjects' total cholesterol will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant total cholesterol. |
| Weight | 3 months | Subjects' weight will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant weight. |
| Waist Circumference | 3 months | Subjects' waist circumference will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant waist circumference. |
| Hours of Vigorous Exercise | 3 months | Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent in vigorous exercise per week. |
| Hours of Moderate Exercise | 3 months | Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent in moderate exercise per week. |
| Hours of Sitting | 3 months | Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent sitting per day. |
| A1c Levels | 3 months | Subjects' A1c will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant A1c. |
| Understanding of Plant-based Phytonutrients | 3 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their understanding of the importance of ingesting plant-based nutrients. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients. |
| Belief in the Benefit of Plant-based Nutrients | 3 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their appreciation of plant-based nutrients. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients. |
| Belief in the Preventative Effects of Plant-Based Nutrients | 3 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs of plant-based nutrients. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients. |
| Belief in the Role of Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | 3 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs that a healthy diet might protect health from environmental pollutants. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of a healthy diet |
| Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | 3 months | Participants will be asked a question about which foods contain phytonutrients. Possible answers are meat, dairy, plant foods, all foods, or don't know. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that correctly identified plant foods. |
| Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | 3 months | Participants will be asked to identify environmental pollutants from a list. Possible answers are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, nitrites, all of those, none of those, or don't know. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that correctly identified all of those. |
| Hours of Walking Per Week | 3 months | Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent walking per week. |
| LDL Cholesterol Levels | 3 months | Subjects' LDL will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant LDL. |
| HDL Cholesterol Levels | 3 months | Subjects' HDL will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant HDL |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Walking Group Subjects will participate in a walking group led by a community organizer as a means to get to a local farmer's market.
walking group led by a community organizer: Subjects will walk 1 kilometer from a pre-determined point to a local farmer's market. | 61 |
| Total | 61 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Walking Group |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 50.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.7 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 55 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 55 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 61 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 44 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 17 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Carotenoid Levels
Subjects' carotenoid status will be measured using a carotenoid Raman Spectroscopy to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables increases intake in fruits and vegetables as measured by carotenoid status.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Carotenoid Levels | baseline | 148.7 relative units (absorbance) | Standard Deviation 65.7 |
| Walking Group | Carotenoid Levels | post-study | 176.4 relative units (absorbance) | Standard Deviation 69.3 |
Primary
Self-reported Fruit Intake
Subjects' self-reported fruit intake will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant self-reported fruit intake.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Self-reported Fruit Intake | baseline | 1.8 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Walking Group | Self-reported Fruit Intake | post-study | 1.7 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Primary
Self-reported Vegetable Intake
Subjects' self-reported vegetable intake will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant self-reported vegetable intake.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Self-reported Vegetable Intake | baseline | 4.2 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Walking Group | Self-reported Vegetable Intake | post-study | 4.1 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
Secondary
A1c Levels
Subjects' A1c will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant A1c.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | A1c Levels | baseline | 5.6 percentage of glycated hemoglobin | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Walking Group | A1c Levels | post-study | 5.4 percentage of glycated hemoglobin | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
Secondary
Belief in the Benefit of Plant-based Nutrients
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their appreciation of plant-based nutrients. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Belief in the Benefit of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 41 Participants |
| Walking Group | Belief in the Benefit of Plant-based Nutrients | post-study | 40 Participants |
Secondary
Belief in the Preventative Effects of Plant-Based Nutrients
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs of plant-based nutrients. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Belief in the Preventative Effects of Plant-Based Nutrients | baseline | 38 Participants |
| Walking Group | Belief in the Preventative Effects of Plant-Based Nutrients | post-study | 7 Participants |
Secondary
Belief in the Role of Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs that a healthy diet might protect health from environmental pollutants. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of a healthy diet
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Belief in the Role of Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | baseline | 56 Participants |
| Walking Group | Belief in the Role of Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | post-study | 48 Participants |
Secondary
HDL Cholesterol Levels
Subjects' HDL will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant HDL
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | HDL Cholesterol Levels | baseline | 47.3 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 10.5 |
| Walking Group | HDL Cholesterol Levels | post-study | 46.4 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 11.1 |
Secondary
Hours of Moderate Exercise
Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent in moderate exercise per week.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Hours of Moderate Exercise | baseline | 4.6 hours per week | Standard Deviation 11.1 |
| Walking Group | Hours of Moderate Exercise | post-study | 2.4 hours per week | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
Secondary
Hours of Sitting
Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent sitting per day.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Hours of Sitting | baseline | 6.0 hours per week | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| Walking Group | Hours of Sitting | post-study | 4.6 hours per week | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
Secondary
Hours of Vigorous Exercise
Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent in vigorous exercise per week.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Hours of Vigorous Exercise | baseline | 2.2 hours per week | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Walking Group | Hours of Vigorous Exercise | post-study | 3.54 hours per week | Standard Deviation 7.21 |
Secondary
Hours of Walking Per Week
Subjects will self-report the number of hours spent walking per week.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Hours of Walking Per Week | baseline | 3.0 hours per week | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| Walking Group | Hours of Walking Per Week | post-study | 3.8 hours per week | Standard Deviation 12.3 |
Secondary
Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants
Participants will be asked to identify environmental pollutants from a list. Possible answers are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, nitrites, all of those, none of those, or don't know. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that correctly identified all of those.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | baseline | 40 Participants |
| Walking Group | Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | post-study | 36 Participants |
Secondary
Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients
Participants will be asked a question about which foods contain phytonutrients. Possible answers are meat, dairy, plant foods, all foods, or don't know. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that correctly identified plant foods.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | baseline | 42 Participants |
| Walking Group | Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | post-study | 37 Participants |
Secondary
LDL Cholesterol Levels
Subjects' LDL will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant LDL.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this study outcome.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | LDL Cholesterol Levels | baseline | 83.8 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 31.8 |
| Walking Group | LDL Cholesterol Levels | post-study | 85.9 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 29.3 |
Secondary
Total Cholesterol Levels
Subjects' total cholesterol will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant total cholesterol.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Total Cholesterol Levels | baseline | 161.8 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 34.9 |
| Walking Group | Total Cholesterol Levels | post-study | 170.8 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 35.3 |
Secondary
Understanding of Plant-based Phytonutrients
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their understanding of the importance of ingesting plant-based nutrients. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the number of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Understanding of Plant-based Phytonutrients | baseline | 42 Participants |
| Walking Group | Understanding of Plant-based Phytonutrients | post-study | 42 Participants |
Secondary
Waist Circumference
Subjects' waist circumference will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant waist circumference.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Waist Circumference | baseline | 42.9 inches | Standard Deviation 8.5 |
| Walking Group | Waist Circumference | post-study | 43.1 inches | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
Secondary
Weight
Subjects' weight will be measured to determine if walking combined with a voucher for fruits and vegetables changes participant weight.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Not all participants completed this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Weight | baseline | 205.3 pounds | Standard Deviation 61.6 |
| Walking Group | Weight | post-study | 207.8 pounds | Standard Deviation 61 |